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Friday, December 9, 2005

Labour productivity, hourly compensation and unit labour cost

Third quarter 2005 

Labour productivity in the Canadian business sector increased at its fastest pace in nearly four years during the third quarter.

Productivity among Canadian businesses increased 0.8% between July and September, following two quarters of virtually stagnant growth. It was the strongest performance since the last three months of 2001.

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Labour productivity, as measured by real gross domestic product (GDP) per hour worked, is a primary determinant of improvements to the standard of living in the long run. It is also the main source of economic growth.

Generally speaking, businesses enjoy productivity gains when their GDP growth rate outpaces the rise in hours of work devoted to production.


Note to readers

This release contains a brief analysis of detailed data on productivity growth and other related variables. A more thorough analysis, including additional charts and tables, is available in the Canadian Economic Accounts Quarterly Review (13-010-XIE, free).

This electronic publication presents an analysis of labour productivity for the aggregate business sector and its constituent industries (15 two-digit NAICS industries) and two sectors (goods and services). The statistical series for total economy, business sector and non-commercial sector start with the first quarter of 1981, while those at industry level are available only back to the first quarter of 1997.

The term "productivity" refers to labour productivity. Calculations of the productivity growth rate and its related variables are based on index numbers rounded to one decimal place.

For more information about the productivity program, see the Overview and description of publications page online. You can also order a copy of a technical note about the quarterly estimates of productivity by sending an email to (productivity.measures@statcan.gc.ca).

Revisions

With this release, revisions have been made back to the first quarter of 1997 to incorporate the adjustments in annual benchmarks on hours worked and revised data of GDP by industry that were published in The Daily of November 8, 2005.


In Canada, third-quarter productivity increased because production rose at a faster pace than the number of hours worked. During the first two quarters of 2005, GDP growth was on par with hours worked, resulting in flat productivity growth.

Comparable labour market performance in Canada and the United States since early 2005

While third-quarter growth rates in GDP were similar in both Canada and the United States, the decline in hours worked south of the border enabled American businesses to show a higher gain in productivity.

In the United States, labour productivity increased 1.3%, the strongest performance in two years. Nevertheless, the increase in Canadian productivity growth resulted in a gap between the two nations that remains comparable to the average of the last six quarters.

Both nations recorded nearly identical growth rates in GDP, while their labour market stagnated in the third quarter. But the slowing pace of hours worked was much more pronounced in the United States.

Between July and September, economic output among Canadian businesses increased by 1.0%, up from the 0.8% advance in the second quarter.

Despite the hurricane-disrupted economy in the United States, output among American businesses increased 1.2% in the third quarter. This maintained the pace set in the seven previous quarters, during which their economic output rose on average 1.0% each quarter.

The growth of Canadian economic activity over the third quarter was mainly the result of a strong rebound in exports, particularly in the automotive, agricultural and fisheries products. Continued strong business investment, driven by the energy sector, was also a contributing factor.

In the United States, household consumer spending again prompted the gain in GDP, as did computer hardware and software purchasing, federal government spending and residential investment.

Growth in Canadian economic activity occurred while the labour market lost some of its strength. Hours of work devoted to production in Canadian businesses inched up 0.2%. This maintained their upward trend, though at a slower pace than in the second quarter.

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During the same period, hours worked in the United States declined by 0.1% in the third quarter, following a 0.8% rise in the second. The decline was the first in nine quarters.

Rise in Canadian unit labour costs relative to the United States

Unit labour costs, an important indicator of trends in production costs and inflation, increased in Canada during the third quarter, and declined slightly south of the border. (Unit labour cost is the cost of worker compensation and benefits per unit of economic output.)

Exchange rates notwithstanding, labour costs of Canadian businesses per unit of GDP rose 0.7% in the third quarter, which was close to the average gain for the past three quarters.

In the United States, unit labour costs of businesses fell 0.2%, which matched the decline in the second quarter. Since the beginning of 2005, the increase in American business unit labour costs has been almost nil.

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When the exchange rate is taken into account, American businesses are positioned even more favourably.

After levelling off and even decreasing slightly over the first two quarters of 2005, the Canadian dollar rose 3.3% against its American counterpart in the third quarter. This appreciation resulted in a sharp gain of 4.3% in the unit labour cost measured in American dollars.

However, Canadian businesses took advantage of the strong dollar to invest in machinery and equipment. Spending in this area was up 3.0% in the third quarter.

Available on CANSIM: tables 383-0008 and 383-0012.

Definitions, data sources and methods: survey number 5042.

A more comprehensive analysis, including additional charts and tables, is now available online in the third quarter issue of Canadian Economic Accounts Quarterly Review (13-010-XIE, free). From the Our products and services page, under Browse our Internet publications, choose Free, then National accounts.

Fourth quarter data for labour productivity, hourly compensation and unit labour cost will be released on March 10, 2006.

To order data, contact Client Services (productivity.measures@statcan.gc.ca). For more information, or to enquire about the concepts, methods or data quality of this release, contact Jean-Pierre Maynard (613-951-3654; fax: 613-951-3292; maynard@statcan.gc.ca), Micro-Economic Analysis Division.

Business sector: Labour productivity and related variables for Canada and the United States
  2003 Q3 2003 Q4 2004 Q1 2004 Q2 2004 Q3 2004 Q4 2005 Q1 2005 Q2 2005 Q3
  % change from previous quarter, seasonally adjusted
Canada                  
Labour productivity 0.0 -0.4 -0.2 0.3 0.0 0.4 0.2 0.0 0.8
Real GDP 0.5 1.0 0.8 1.2 0.8 0.5 0.5 0.8 1.0
Hours worked 0.4 1.5 0.9 1.0 0.9 0.0 0.3 0.8 0.2
Hourly compensation 0.3 -0.4 0.3 0.1 0.0 1.3 0.6 0.6 1.6
Unit labour cost 0.3 0.1 0.4 -0.1 0.0 0.8 0.5 0.6 0.7
Exchange rate1 -1.3 -4.7 0.2 3.2 -3.9 -6.6 0.5 1.4 -3.3
Unit labour cost in US$ 1.6 5.0 0.2 -3.2 4.1 7.9 -0.1 -0.7 4.3
United States2                  
Labour productivity 2.0 0.1 0.8 0.8 0.4 0.8 0.7 0.1 1.3
Real GDP 2.3 0.7 1.2 1.0 1.1 0.9 1.1 0.9 1.2
Hours worked 0.3 0.6 0.3 0.2 0.7 0.2 0.3 0.8 -0.1
Hourly compensation 1.1 0.5 1.0 0.8 1.6 2.7 1.2 -0.1 1.0
Unit labour cost -0.9 0.5 0.3 -0.1 1.3 1.9 0.4 -0.2 -0.2
  2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2004 Q4 2005 Q1 2005 Q2 2005 Q3
  % change from previous year % change from same quarter of previous year, seasonally adjusted
Canada                  
Labour productivity 3.3 1.1 1.6 0.0 -0.4 0.4 0.8 0.5 1.3
Real GDP 6.0 1.6 3.2 1.6 3.1 3.4 3.0 2.5 2.7
Hours worked 2.5 0.6 1.6 1.6 3.4 2.8 2.3 2.0 1.3
Hourly compensation 5.2 3.1 1.4 1.9 0.6 1.6 1.9 2.4 4.1
Unit labour cost 1.7 2.1 -0.3 1.8 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.9 2.6
Exchange rate 0.0 4.3 1.3 -10.8 -7.1 -7.2 -6.9 -8.6 -8.1
Unit labour cost in US$ 1.8 -2.2 -1.6 14.5 8.4 8.9 8.6 11.4 11.7
United States2                  
Labour productivity 2.8 2.5 4.0 3.9 3.4 2.8 2.7 2.1 3.1
Real GDP 3.9 0.3 1.5 3.4 4.8 4.2 4.1 4.1 4.2
Hours worked 1.1 -2.2 -2.4 -0.5 1.3 1.4 1.3 2.0 1.1
Hourly compensation 7.0 4.2 3.4 3.9 4.6 6.3 6.4 5.5 5.0
Unit labour cost 4.0 1.6 -0.5 0.0 1.2 3.4 3.6 3.4 1.9
1.The exchange rate corresponds to the US dollar value expressed in Canadian dollars.
2.US data are from Bureau of Labor Statistics, Productivity and costs: Third quarter 2005 published in NEWS, December 6.



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Date Modified: 2005-12-09 Important Notices