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As of January 1, 2010, farm inventories of cattle reached their lowest level in 15 years, while inventories of hogs were at a 12-year low.
Canadian cattle producers reported 13.0 million head at January 1, 2010, down 1.3% from January 2009. Hog producers had an estimated 11.6 million hogs on their farms, down 4.5%.
The number of sheep on Canadian farms also declined between January 1, 2009 and January 1, 2010. The total sheep inventory fell 0.2% to 806,600 head. The slaughter of sheep in Canada remained unchanged from levels the same date a year ago.
Cattle
As of January 1, 2010, 99,265 farms reported beef or dairy cattle on their operations. This was the first time since data has been collected that the number of cattle farms has fallen below 100,000. The Canadian dairy herd fell 0.2% during 2009, while the total beef herd fell 1.4%.
Cattle and calves slaughter levels in Canada in 2009 were down 3.7% from the previous year. At the same time, Canadian exports of live cattle and calves fell 31.6%. It was the first full year that US Country of Origin Labelling (COOL) regulations had been implemented.
Since 2007, increased demand for ethanol has caused a surge in feed grain prices, affecting feed costs for livestock producers. The appreciation of the Canadian dollar as well as the introduction of COOL regulations reduced the competitiveness of the Canadian export market. The combination of these events over the last decade has affected profit margins in the cattle industry.
Table 1
| Cattle | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2009 to 2010 | |
| thousands of head | % change | |||
| Canada | 13,895.0 | 13,180.0 | 13,015.0 | -1.3 |
| Atlantic | 271.5 | 270.4 | 257.1 | -4.9 |
| Quebec | 1,345.0 | 1,340.0 | 1,310.0 | -2.2 |
| Ontario | 1,883.5 | 1,704.6 | 1,742.9 | 2.2 |
| Manitoba | 1,355.0 | 1,280.0 | 1,230.0 | -3.9 |
| Saskatchewan | 2,870.0 | 2,650.0 | 2,800.0 | 5.7 |
| Alberta | 5,560.0 | 5,380.0 | 5,150.0 | -4.3 |
| British Columbia | 610.0 | 555.0 | 525.0 | -5.4 |
Hogs
The number of hog farms in Canada continued to decline in 2009, falling to 7,360. At the same time, the average number of hogs per operation increased from 1,482 to 1,580 at January 1, 2010.
Since January 2009, there has been a 4.3% decrease in the breeding herd, mainly sows and gilts. The inventory of sows, estimated at 1.3 million head, is at a level not seen since 2000.
Slaughter levels in Canada have been increasing since 2007, but are still below the peak of 22.9 million head reached in 2004. In 2009, slaughter reached 21.8 million head.
During 2009, total hog exports amounted to 6.4 million head, down 31.9% from 2008. This was well below the peak of 10.0 million head in 2007. The decline in 2009 may be in part reflected by structural changes in Canadian hog production, as well as the implementation of the COOL regulations.
Table 2
| Hogs | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2009 to 2010 | |
| thousands of head | % change | |||
| Canada | 13,810.0 | 12,180.0 | 11,630.0 | -4.5 |
| Atlantic | 256.0 | 160.5 | 125.7 | -21.7 |
| Quebec | 3,990.0 | 3,900.0 | 3,800.0 | -2.6 |
| Ontario | 3,652.0 | 3,104.5 | 2,868.3 | -7.6 |
| Manitoba | 2,810.0 | 2,499.0 | 2,451.0 | -1.9 |
| Saskatchewan | 1,180.0 | 810.0 | 780.0 | -3.7 |
| Alberta | 1,800.0 | 1,590.0 | 1,505.0 | -5.3 |
| British Columbia | 122.0 | 116.0 | 100.0 | -13.8 |
Sheep
The number of sheep on Canadian farms declined between January 1, 2009 and January 1, 2010. The total sheep inventory fell 0.2% to 806,600 head. The slaughter of sheep in Canada remained unchanged from levels the same date a year ago.
Table 3
| Sheep | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2009 to 2010 | |
| thousands of head | % change | |||
| Canada | 825.3 | 808.2 | 806.6 | -0.2 |
| Atlantic | 30.3 | 30.2 | 28.6 | -5.3 |
| Quebec | 245.0 | 244.0 | 244.0 | 0.0 |
| Ontario | 230.0 | 215.0 | 220.0 | 2.3 |
| Manitoba | 62.0 | 61.0 | 54.0 | -11.5 |
| Saskatchewan | 88.0 | 82.0 | 88.0 | 7.3 |
| Alberta | 125.0 | 127.0 | 127.0 | 0.0 |
| British Columbia | 45.0 | 49.0 | 45.0 | -8.2 |
Available on CANSIM: tables 003-0004, 003-0026, 003-0028, 003-0030 to 003-0032 and 003-0083 to 003-0098.
Definitions, data sources and methods: survey number 3460.
The reports Cattle Statistics, 2010, Vol. 9, no. 1 (23-012-X, free), Hog Statistics, fourth quarter 2009, Vol. 9, no. 1 (23-010-X, free) and Sheep Statistics, 2010, Vol. 9, no. 1 (23-011-X, free), are now available online. From the Key resource module of our website under Publications, choose All subjects then Agriculture.
For general information, contact Client Services (toll-free 1-800-465-1991). To enquire about the concepts, methods or data quality of this release, contact Robert Plourde (613-951-8716, robert.plourde@statcan.gc.ca), Agriculture Division.
