Immigrants and non-permanent residents

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Key indicators

Selected geographical area: Canada

Quarterly population estimate - Canada
(January 1, 2024)

40,769,890

0.6%

(quarterly change)
Percentage of adults aged 25 to 64 with a college or university credential - Canada
(2021 Census of Population)

57.5%

More immigrants and non-permanent residents indicators

Selected geographical area: Canada

Percentage of adults aged 25 to 64 with a bachelor’s degree or higher - Canada
(2021 Census of Population)

32.9%
Percentage point change in adults aged 25 to 64 with a bachelor’s degree or higher - Canada
(2016 to 2021)

4.3

(period-to-period change)
Overqualification rate of immigrants aged 25 to 64 with a degree completed outside Canada - Canada
(2021 Census of Population)

25.8%
Immigrants (%) - Canada
(2016 Census of Population)

21.9
Second generation population (%) - Canada
(2016 Census of Population)

17.7
Visible minority population (%) - Canada
(2016 Census of Population)

22.3
Number of recent immigrants (landed between 2011 and 2016) - Canada
(2016 Census of Population)

1,212,075

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Results

All (98)

All (98) (0 to 10 of 98 results)

1. Economic outcomes of government-assisted refugees in designated destinations: The effect of city size
Articles and reports: 36-28-0001202400300002
Description: A key component of Canada’s immigration program is to promote the balanced geographic distribution of immigrants and refugees across Canada. This study asks whether there were significant differences in the economic outcomes of government assisted refugees (GARs), based on the size of the city to which they were designated. The analysis was conducted for both those remaining in the designated cities (stayers) and those moving to other locations (movers).
Release date: 2024-03-27
2. The Provincial Nominee Program: Provincial differences
Articles and reports: 36-28-0001202400300003
Description: In recent years, more economic immigrants entered Canada via the Provincial Nominee Program (PNP) than through any other immigration program. This article examines differences among provinces in the growth and importance of the PNP and the characteristics of provincial nominees and is part of a series examining various aspects of the PNP. The series discusses the expansion of the program, differences among provinces, provincial retention rates, trends in earnings and the occupations of provincial nominees, both nationally and provincially.
Release date: 2024-03-27
3. Immigration and the shifting occupational distribution in Canada, 2001 to 2021
Articles and reports: 36-28-0001202400300006
Description: Research generally supports the idea that technological change has favoured the demand for workers in occupations requiring higher levels of education and skills and negatively affected employment in occupations requiring lower skill levels. This article assesses the changes over the past two decades in the occupational skill level of employment in Canada, with a focus on the role of immigration in the changing occupational structure.
Release date: 2024-03-27
4. The short-term labour market outcomes of blended visa office-referred refugees
Articles and reports: 36-28-0001202400100003
Description: In 2013, Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada introduced a new refugee resettlement category called the Blended Visa Office-Referred Program. This admission stream combined the core principles of IRCC’s Government-Assisted Refugees program and the Private Sponsorship of Refugees program. This study asks two questions. First, what are the economic outcomes of BVOR refugees who have been admitted to Canada since 2013? Second, how do these outcomes compare with those of other resettled refugees who were admitted through the GAR and Private Sponsorship of Refugees programs?
Release date: 2024-01-24
5. Earnings of one-step and two-step economic immigrants: Comparisons from the arrival year
Articles and reports: 36-28-0001202400100006
Description: Since the early 2000s, the two-step immigration selection process, through which economic immigrants are chosen from the pool of temporary foreign workers, has expanded rapidly. This article compares earnings of one-step and two-step economic immigrants from the year of arrival, with a focus on the comparison within major admission classes. It further examines whether the results of the comparison have changed across arrival cohorts from the 2000s to the 2010s.
Release date: 2024-01-24
6. Provincial Nominee Program: Recent trends and provincial differences in earnings outcomes
Articles and reports: 36-28-0001202301200004
Description: The actual earnings of provincial nominees and their relative earnings (to those of other economic immigrants) are important indicators of the ability of the Provincial Nominee Program to meet provincial labour market needs. This article updates national-level research on the earnings patterns of provincial nominees and, for the first time, provides provincial comparisons.
Release date: 2023-12-21
7. Foreign workers in Canada: Distribution of paid employment by industry
Articles and reports: 36-28-0001202301200005
Description: Different industrial sectors depend on temporary foreign workers (TFWs) to varying degrees because of unique levels of labour shortages and specific skill requirements. Analyzing the role of TFWs across industrial sectors in Canada provides empirical evidence to inform the formulation of policies and strategies that support the needs of Canadian businesses and the well-being of TFWs. This article uses linked administrative data to analyze the distribution of TFWs across industries and their proportion in the workforce within each industry from 2010 to 2020.
Release date: 2023-12-21
8. Characteristics of postsecondary international students who did not enrol in publicly funded postsecondary education programs
Articles and reports: 36-28-0001202301100001
Description: The fast-growing number of international students have generated strong public interest and concerns about their impacts on Canada’s educational institutions, labour market, and affordable housing. Fully understanding such impacts requires better knowledge of their school enrollment and labour force participation. Using temporary resident permit data from the Longitudinal Immigration Database and tax data from the Longitudinal Worker File, this article sheds light on the activities and sociodemographic characteristics of postsecondary study permit holders who were not enrolled in publicly funded postsecondary education institutions.
Release date: 2023-11-22
9. The Provincial Nominee Program: Retention in province of landing
Articles and reports: 36-28-0001202301100002
Description: The Provincial Nominee Program (PNP) is designed to contribute to a more equitable distribution of new immigrants across Canada. A related objective is the retention and integration of provincial nominees in the nominating province or territory. This article is the second in a series that examines the characteristics and labour market outcomes of PNP immigrants and examines the retention of PNP immigrants at both the national and provincial or territorial levels. The analysis uses data from the Immigrant Landing File and tax records, along with three indicators of retention, to measure the propensity of a province or territory to retain immigrants.
Release date: 2023-11-22
10. The effect of parents’ education and income on the educational attainment of childhood immigrants
Articles and reports: 36-28-0001202300900002
Description: Many immigrants move to countries such as Canada in part to provide better educational and economic opportunities for their children. For its part, Canada also looks to immigrants and their children to provide higher-level skills to the labour market. This paper examines the effect of the mother’s and father’s education on the likelihood of a childhood immigrant who arrived in Canada at age 17 or younger, completing postsecondary education. The paper further determines whether there is significant variation in these relationships among immigrants from different source regions.
Release date: 2023-09-27

Data (1)

Data (1) ((1 result))

1. Statistical Portrait of the French-Speaking Immigrant Population Outside Quebec (1991 to 2006)
Table: 89-641-X
Description:
This report concerns French-language immigration outside Quebec and its recent evolution, focusing on its numbers, its geographic distribution and its demographic and social characteristics. This statistical portrait will mainly use the concept of first official language spoken (FOLS), which is now widely used as a criterion for a person's linguistic identity in studies on official language minorities. The Francophone immigrant population outside Quebec is comprised of two groups: those who have only French as their first official language spoken (French FOLS immigrants) and those who have both French and English (French-English FOLS immigrants).
The Francophone immigrant population living outside Quebec is fairly small, both in absolute numbers and in relation to either the French-speaking population or the immigrant population as a whole. However, the relative weight of Francophone immigrants within the French-speaking population has increased, going from 6.2% to 10% between 1991 and 2006, while their weight within the overall immigrant population has varied more moderately, and in 2006 it was, at most, less than 2%.
The majority of Francophone immigrants outside Quebec 70% are concentrated in Ontario. Furthermore, two-thirds of French-speaking immigrants live in three metropolitan areas: Toronto, Ottawa and Vancouver. In Canada outside Quebec, French-English FOLS immigrants, numbering 76,100 in the 2006 Census, are slightly more numerous than French FOLS immigrants, who number 60,900. In some cities, especially Toronto, Vancouver and Calgary, this characteristic is more prevalent, with French-English FOLS immigrants outnumbering their French FOLS counterparts by almost two to one. The demographic and socioeconomic characteristics of these two FOLS groups are sometimes quite different.
International immigration to Canada has undergone a rapid transformation in recent decades. Immigrants of European origin have tended to give way to immigrants from Asia, Africa and Latin America. In this regard, French FOLS immigrants stand out from other immigrants in that a large proportion of them come from Africa. One of the consequences of this trend has been to change the composition of the French FOLS immigrant population; in 2006, Blacks made up 26% of that population, compared to 5% of the other two immigrant groups.
Release date: 2010-04-06

Analysis (97)

Analysis (97) (0 to 10 of 97 results)

1. Economic outcomes of government-assisted refugees in designated destinations: The effect of city size
Articles and reports: 36-28-0001202400300002
Description: A key component of Canada’s immigration program is to promote the balanced geographic distribution of immigrants and refugees across Canada. This study asks whether there were significant differences in the economic outcomes of government assisted refugees (GARs), based on the size of the city to which they were designated. The analysis was conducted for both those remaining in the designated cities (stayers) and those moving to other locations (movers).
Release date: 2024-03-27
2. The Provincial Nominee Program: Provincial differences
Articles and reports: 36-28-0001202400300003
Description: In recent years, more economic immigrants entered Canada via the Provincial Nominee Program (PNP) than through any other immigration program. This article examines differences among provinces in the growth and importance of the PNP and the characteristics of provincial nominees and is part of a series examining various aspects of the PNP. The series discusses the expansion of the program, differences among provinces, provincial retention rates, trends in earnings and the occupations of provincial nominees, both nationally and provincially.
Release date: 2024-03-27
3. Immigration and the shifting occupational distribution in Canada, 2001 to 2021
Articles and reports: 36-28-0001202400300006
Description: Research generally supports the idea that technological change has favoured the demand for workers in occupations requiring higher levels of education and skills and negatively affected employment in occupations requiring lower skill levels. This article assesses the changes over the past two decades in the occupational skill level of employment in Canada, with a focus on the role of immigration in the changing occupational structure.
Release date: 2024-03-27
4. The short-term labour market outcomes of blended visa office-referred refugees
Articles and reports: 36-28-0001202400100003
Description: In 2013, Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada introduced a new refugee resettlement category called the Blended Visa Office-Referred Program. This admission stream combined the core principles of IRCC’s Government-Assisted Refugees program and the Private Sponsorship of Refugees program. This study asks two questions. First, what are the economic outcomes of BVOR refugees who have been admitted to Canada since 2013? Second, how do these outcomes compare with those of other resettled refugees who were admitted through the GAR and Private Sponsorship of Refugees programs?
Release date: 2024-01-24
5. Earnings of one-step and two-step economic immigrants: Comparisons from the arrival year
Articles and reports: 36-28-0001202400100006
Description: Since the early 2000s, the two-step immigration selection process, through which economic immigrants are chosen from the pool of temporary foreign workers, has expanded rapidly. This article compares earnings of one-step and two-step economic immigrants from the year of arrival, with a focus on the comparison within major admission classes. It further examines whether the results of the comparison have changed across arrival cohorts from the 2000s to the 2010s.
Release date: 2024-01-24
6. Provincial Nominee Program: Recent trends and provincial differences in earnings outcomes
Articles and reports: 36-28-0001202301200004
Description: The actual earnings of provincial nominees and their relative earnings (to those of other economic immigrants) are important indicators of the ability of the Provincial Nominee Program to meet provincial labour market needs. This article updates national-level research on the earnings patterns of provincial nominees and, for the first time, provides provincial comparisons.
Release date: 2023-12-21
7. Foreign workers in Canada: Distribution of paid employment by industry
Articles and reports: 36-28-0001202301200005
Description: Different industrial sectors depend on temporary foreign workers (TFWs) to varying degrees because of unique levels of labour shortages and specific skill requirements. Analyzing the role of TFWs across industrial sectors in Canada provides empirical evidence to inform the formulation of policies and strategies that support the needs of Canadian businesses and the well-being of TFWs. This article uses linked administrative data to analyze the distribution of TFWs across industries and their proportion in the workforce within each industry from 2010 to 2020.
Release date: 2023-12-21
8. Characteristics of postsecondary international students who did not enrol in publicly funded postsecondary education programs
Articles and reports: 36-28-0001202301100001
Description: The fast-growing number of international students have generated strong public interest and concerns about their impacts on Canada’s educational institutions, labour market, and affordable housing. Fully understanding such impacts requires better knowledge of their school enrollment and labour force participation. Using temporary resident permit data from the Longitudinal Immigration Database and tax data from the Longitudinal Worker File, this article sheds light on the activities and sociodemographic characteristics of postsecondary study permit holders who were not enrolled in publicly funded postsecondary education institutions.
Release date: 2023-11-22
9. The Provincial Nominee Program: Retention in province of landing
Articles and reports: 36-28-0001202301100002
Description: The Provincial Nominee Program (PNP) is designed to contribute to a more equitable distribution of new immigrants across Canada. A related objective is the retention and integration of provincial nominees in the nominating province or territory. This article is the second in a series that examines the characteristics and labour market outcomes of PNP immigrants and examines the retention of PNP immigrants at both the national and provincial or territorial levels. The analysis uses data from the Immigrant Landing File and tax records, along with three indicators of retention, to measure the propensity of a province or territory to retain immigrants.
Release date: 2023-11-22
10. The effect of parents’ education and income on the educational attainment of childhood immigrants
Articles and reports: 36-28-0001202300900002
Description: Many immigrants move to countries such as Canada in part to provide better educational and economic opportunities for their children. For its part, Canada also looks to immigrants and their children to provide higher-level skills to the labour market. This paper examines the effect of the mother’s and father’s education on the likelihood of a childhood immigrant who arrived in Canada at age 17 or younger, completing postsecondary education. The paper further determines whether there is significant variation in these relationships among immigrants from different source regions.
Release date: 2023-09-27

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Date modified:: 2024-04-19