Low income and inequality
Key indicators
Selected geographical area: Canada
-
$68,4000.9%
(annual change) -
$73,000
More low income and inequality indicators
Selected geographical area: Canada
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9.8%
-
-0.040
-
11.1%
-
-3.3
-
$70,336
-
14.2%
-
17.0%
-
32.0%
-
Proportion of households contributing to TFSA, RRP or RRSP in 2015 - Canada
(2016 Census of Population)65.2%
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- Table: 11-10-0135-01Geography: Canada, Geographical region of Canada, Province or territory, Census metropolitan areaFrequency: AnnualDescription: Number of persons in low income, low income rate and average gap ratio by age, sex and economic family type, annual.Release date: 2023-05-02
- Table: 11-10-0135-02Geography: Canada, Geographical region of Canada, Province or territory, Census metropolitan areaFrequency: AnnualDescription:
Low income statistics by age, sex and economic family type, annual.
Release date: 2023-05-02 - Table: 11-10-0232-01Geography: CanadaFrequency: AnnualDescription:
Low income measure (LIM) thresholds by household size for market income, total income and after-tax income, in current and constant dollars, annual.
Release date: 2023-05-02 - Table: 11-10-0241-01Geography: CanadaFrequency: AnnualDescription:
Low income cut-offs (LICOs) before and after tax by community size and family size, in current dollars, annual.
Release date: 2023-05-02 - 5. Percentage of the population aged 0 to 24 in low income, by age group and type of living arrangementTable: 37-10-0129-01Geography: Canada, Province or territoryFrequency: OccasionalDescription: Percentage of the population aged 0 to 24 in low income, by age group and type of living arrangement. This table is included in Section A: A portrait of the school-age population: Low income of the Pan Canadian Education Indicators Program (PCEIP). PCEIP draws from a wide variety of data sources to provide information on the school-age population, elementary, secondary and postsecondary education, transitions, education finance and labour market outcomes. The program presents indicators for all of Canada, the provinces, the territories, as well as selected international comparisons and comparisons over time. PCEIP is an ongoing initiative of the Canadian Education Statistics Council, a partnership between Statistics Canada and the Council of Ministers of Education, Canada that provides a set of statistical measures on education systems in Canada.Release date: 2023-03-27
- 6. Income of Canadians 2000 to 2013 ArchivedStats in brief: 11-001-X20153514101Description: Release published in The Daily – Statistics Canada’s official release bulletinRelease date: 2015-12-17
- Table: 11-10-0180-01Frequency: AnnualDescription: Low income cut-offs before and after tax by community size, one person, 2011 constant dollars.Release date: 2015-12-17
- Table: 11-10-0181-01Frequency: AnnualDescription: Characteristics of persons in low income families by low income lines.Release date: 2015-12-17
- Table: 11-10-0182-01Frequency: AnnualDescription: Persons in low income families by low income lines (number, percentage and gap ratio).Release date: 2015-12-17
- 10. Persons in low income by economic family type ArchivedTable: 11-10-0183-01Frequency: AnnualDescription: Persons in low income by low income lines and economic family type.Release date: 2015-12-17
Data (15)
Data (15) (0 to 10 of 15 results)
- Table: 11-10-0135-01Geography: Canada, Geographical region of Canada, Province or territory, Census metropolitan areaFrequency: AnnualDescription: Number of persons in low income, low income rate and average gap ratio by age, sex and economic family type, annual.Release date: 2023-05-02
- Table: 11-10-0135-02Geography: Canada, Geographical region of Canada, Province or territory, Census metropolitan areaFrequency: AnnualDescription:
Low income statistics by age, sex and economic family type, annual.
Release date: 2023-05-02 - Table: 11-10-0232-01Geography: CanadaFrequency: AnnualDescription:
Low income measure (LIM) thresholds by household size for market income, total income and after-tax income, in current and constant dollars, annual.
Release date: 2023-05-02 - Table: 11-10-0241-01Geography: CanadaFrequency: AnnualDescription:
Low income cut-offs (LICOs) before and after tax by community size and family size, in current dollars, annual.
Release date: 2023-05-02 - 5. Percentage of the population aged 0 to 24 in low income, by age group and type of living arrangementTable: 37-10-0129-01Geography: Canada, Province or territoryFrequency: OccasionalDescription: Percentage of the population aged 0 to 24 in low income, by age group and type of living arrangement. This table is included in Section A: A portrait of the school-age population: Low income of the Pan Canadian Education Indicators Program (PCEIP). PCEIP draws from a wide variety of data sources to provide information on the school-age population, elementary, secondary and postsecondary education, transitions, education finance and labour market outcomes. The program presents indicators for all of Canada, the provinces, the territories, as well as selected international comparisons and comparisons over time. PCEIP is an ongoing initiative of the Canadian Education Statistics Council, a partnership between Statistics Canada and the Council of Ministers of Education, Canada that provides a set of statistical measures on education systems in Canada.Release date: 2023-03-27
- Table: 11-10-0180-01Frequency: AnnualDescription: Low income cut-offs before and after tax by community size, one person, 2011 constant dollars.Release date: 2015-12-17
- Table: 11-10-0181-01Frequency: AnnualDescription: Characteristics of persons in low income families by low income lines.Release date: 2015-12-17
- Table: 11-10-0182-01Frequency: AnnualDescription: Persons in low income families by low income lines (number, percentage and gap ratio).Release date: 2015-12-17
- 9. Persons in low income by economic family type ArchivedTable: 11-10-0183-01Frequency: AnnualDescription: Persons in low income by low income lines and economic family type.Release date: 2015-12-17
- 10. Transitions into and out of low income ArchivedTable: 11-10-0184-01Frequency: AnnualDescription: Transitions of persons into and out of low income, by low income lines (number and percentage).Release date: 2015-12-17
Analysis (22)
Analysis (22) (0 to 10 of 22 results)
- 1. Income of Canadians 2000 to 2013 ArchivedStats in brief: 11-001-X20153514101Description: Release published in The Daily – Statistics Canada’s official release bulletinRelease date: 2015-12-17
- 2. Low Income Lines, 2010-2011 ArchivedArticles and reports: 75F0002M2012002Description:
In order to provide a holographic or complete picture of low income, Statistics Canada uses three complementary low income lines: the Low Income Cut-offs (LICOs), the Low Income Measures (LIMs) and the Market Basket Measure (MBM). While the first two lines were developed by Statistics Canada, the MBM is based on concepts developed by Human Resources and Skill Development Canada. Though these measures differ from one another, they give a generally consistent picture of low income status over time. None of these measures is the best. Each contributes its own perspective and its own strengths to the study of low income, so that cumulatively, the three provide a better understanding of the phenomenon of low income as a whole. These measures are not measures of poverty, but strictly measures of low income.
Release date: 2012-06-18 - Articles and reports: 75F0002M2012001Description:
This study examines low income in Canada over a 34-year period from 1976 to 2009 with a multi-line, multi-index approach using data from the Survey of Consumer Finance (1976 to 1995) and Survey of Labour and Income Dynamics (1996 to 2009). Three different low income lines are used: the Low Income Cut-offs (LICOs); the Low Income Measure (LIM) and the Market Basket Measure (MBM). In addition, three indexes are used to measure the incidence, depth and severity of low income in the study.
We first examine the evolution of low-income at the national level. This is followed by an investigation of the low income experiences of children, seniors, lone-parents, unattached non-elderly individuals, recent immigrants, off-reserve aboriginals and persons with activity limitations. Next, we compare low incomes across the ten provinces as well as seven Census Metropolitan Areas (CMA). Finally, we study low income mobility in Canada during the 1993-to-2009 period.
Release date: 2012-03-07 - 4. Low Income Lines, 2008-2009 ArchivedArticles and reports: 75F0002M2010005Description:
In order to provide a holographic or complete picture of low income, Statistics Canada uses three complementary low income lines: the Low Income Cut-offs (LICOs), the Low Income Measures (LIMs) and the Market Basket Measure (MBM). While the first two lines were developed by Statistics Canada, the MBM is based on concepts developed by Human Resources and Skill Development Canada. Though these measures differ from one another, they give a generally consistent picture of low income status over time. None of these measures is the best. Each contributes its own perspective and its own strengths to the study of low income, so that cumulatively, the three provide a better understanding of the phenomenon of low income as a whole. These measures are not measures of poverty, but strictly measures of low income.
Release date: 2010-06-17 - Articles and reports: 75F0002M2010004Description:
Statistics Canada introduced its Low Income Measure (LIM) in 1991 as a complement to its Low Income Cut-Offs (LICOs). The Low Income Measure (LIM) is a dollar threshold that delineates low-income in relation to the median income and different versions of this measure are in wide use internationally. Over the intervening 25 years there have been a number of useful methodological and conceptual developments in the area of low income measurement. To make the Canadian LIM methodology consistent with international norms and practices, a revision of the Statistics Canada LIM methodology appears desirable.
This paper describes three modifications to the LIM that Statistics Canada plans to introduce in 2010: replacing the economic family by household; replacing the current LIM equivalence scale by the square root of household size; and taking household size into consideration in determining the low-income thresholds. The paper explains the rationale behind each modification and demonstrates the impacts the revisions will have on low-income statistics in comparison with those under the existing LIM. Overall the revisions do not have any significant effect on broad historic trends in low-income statistics in Canada. However, compared to the existing LIM the revised LIM produces lower estimates of low-income incidence for certain groups of individuals such as unattached non-elderly individuals.
Release date: 2010-06-07 - Articles and reports: 75F0002M2010003Description:
This study assesses the existing LICO, LIM, and MBM lines, together with a fixed LIM, by using several distribution sensitive indexes. We found that the low income lines tracked each other well in the long-run. But, in the short-run, they often behaved differently. The same was observed when examining different indexes under the same line. In the long-run, the low income rate, gap, and severity indexes all moved in the same direction. However in the short-run, they sometimes varied in opposite directions, or in the same direction with different magnitudes, suggesting that a single line or index can be misleading in some circumstances.
Release date: 2010-05-26 - Stats in brief: 81-599-X2009004Description:
This fact sheet provides information on the proportion of the school-age population - defined as children and youth aged 5 to 24 - living in low-income circumstances, including the duration of low-income spells, using data from Statistics Canada's Survey of Labour and Income Dynamics (SLID). The percentage of children in low-income is calculated based on Statistics Canada's low income cut-offs (LICOs), using data on family income after government benefits are received and after federal and provincial taxes are paid.
Release date: 2009-12-16 - 8. International differences in low-paid work ArchivedArticles and reports: 75-001-X200910613231Geography: CanadaDescription:
Like the United States and the United Kingdom, Canada has a higher proportion of low-paid jobs than Australia and most countries in continental Europe. While the differences with continental Europe highlight different approaches to the labour market, the much lower rate of low-paid work in Australia is more puzzling since that country shares many similarities with Canada. Differences in wage-setting mechanisms appear to play a role in explaining the disparity in rates of low-paid jobs.
Release date: 2009-09-18 - Articles and reports: 75F0002M2009002Description:
Low income cut-offs (LICOs) are income thresholds, determined by analysing family expenditure data, below which families will devote a larger share of income to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing than the average family would. To reflect differences in the costs of necessities among different community and family sizes, LICOs are defined for five categories of community size and seven of family size.
Low income measures (LIMs), on the other hand, are strictly relative measures of low income, set at 50% of adjusted median family income. These measures are categorized according to the number of adults and children present in families, reflecting the economies of scale inherent in family size and composition. This publication incorporates a detailed description of the methods used to arrive at both measurements. It also explains how base years are defined and how LICOs are updated using the Consumer Price Index.
Release date: 2009-06-03 - 10. Life after teenage motherhood ArchivedArticles and reports: 75-001-X200810513209Geography: CanadaDescription:
The general view is that teenage childbearing will have long-term negative effects on the well-being of the mother-- she may have more difficulty completing high school, which means she may be less likely to pursue postsecondary education and acquire skills for better jobs. Since low-skilled jobs tend to pay less, teenage mothers would have a higher likelihood of living in low income. This study looks at women aged 30 to 39 to determine whether teenage childbearing is related to lower long-term socioeconomic characteristics, with the focus on educational attainment, labour force participation, and living in low income.
Release date: 2008-06-18
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