Employment and unemployment
Key indicators
Selected geographical area: Canada
-
20,401,000-0.0%
(monthly change) -
6.1%0.3 pts
(monthly change)
More employment and unemployment indicators
Selected geographical area: Canada
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$1,228.013.9%
(12-month change)
-
224,328 jobs
-
85.6%
-
Percentage of immigrants in the labour force aged 25 to 54 years - Canada
(2021 Census of Population)27.7% -
11.7%
-
Proportion of adults aged 25 to 54 years who worked full year full time in 2015 - Canada
(2016 Census of Population)49.8% -
Proportion of adults aged 65 years and over who worked full year full time in 2015 - Canada
(2016 Census of Population)5.9% -
99.2%
-
15.4%
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All (17) (0 to 10 of 17 results)
- Surveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 75F0002M1996005Description:
This paper examines a new variable which would show whether a person's job is related to his or her postsecondary education. This variable would help to explain other characteristics measured in the Survey of Labour and Income Dynamics (SLID), such as wages, supervisory roles, and job stability.
Release date: 1997-12-31 - Articles and reports: 75F0002M1996009Description:
In this paper, we examine the predictors of an individual's ability to access occupations offering autonomy and authority in the workplace. This paper uses results from analysis of data from the 1993 Survey of Labour and Income Dynamics and the 1994 General Social Survey.
Release date: 1997-12-31 - 3. The redistribution of overtime hours ArchivedArticles and reports: 75-001-X19970043383Geography: CanadaDescription:
Would redistributing work hours solve the unemployment problem? This study converts regular paid overtime hours into hypothetical full-time jobs, then distributes them by province, occupation and level of education. It attempts to match these full-time jobs with the unemployed by province and occupation.
Release date: 1997-12-10 - Articles and reports: 75-001-X19970043385Geography: CanadaDescription:
The proportion of non-permanent jobs is relatively high in eastern Canada, a finding only partly explained by the prevalence of seasonal work. This article provides a regional analysis of seasonal, temporary and occasional jobs. It also asks whether non-permanent jobs include fewer benefits than permanent ones.Where possible, the study examines subprovincial data.
Release date: 1997-12-10 - Articles and reports: 11F0019M1997106Geography: Canada, Province or territoryDescription:
This paper documents job turnover and labour market adjustment activities in the Ontario economy from 1978 to 1993. The following highlights the major findings. Both the permanent layoff rate and the total permanent separation rate vary substantially from one industry to another. In 1992, the permanent layoff and total permanent separation rates ranged from 27.3% and 34.2% in construction to only 1.4% and 9.3% in public services, respectively. The permanent layoff rate and the total permanent separation rate also differ noticeably by gender, age and firm size - in most industries, the rates are higher among male workers than among females, higher among younger workers, and higher among smaller employers.
While the permanent layoff rate increases during business cycle downturns and decreases during business cycle upswings, the reverse trend is observed with the total permanent separation rate. This is because the quit rate and the other permanent separation rate both decline during downturns and rise during upswings, more than offsetting the opposite trend associated with the permanent layoff rate.
These univariate-tabulation findings are confirmed in the multi-variate logistic regression results on the statistical determinants of permanent layoffs and total permanent separations. In most industries, after controlling for gender, age, firm size and time periods, the estimated likelihood of permanent layoffs is lower among female workers, decreases significantly with age and firm size, increases during recessions and decreases during recovery and expansion in most industries. The patterns of estimated incidence of total permanent separations are very similar to those of permanent layoffs except that total permanent separations decline during business cycle downturns and climb during business cycle upswings.
Permanently separated workers have had a much more difficult time in finding employment during the most recent recession than any other time in the past 15 years. Almost 40% of those who lost or left a job in 1989 did not have a job in 1993. This is in marked contrast with the experience of the early 1980s, when 29% of permanently separated workers were jobless 3 years after the separation. A very similar trend is found when the analysis is applied to labour market transitions among permanently laid-off workers.
There is a great deal of out-of-province migration among permanently separated workers who did find a job. Nearly 45% of those who lost or left a job in 1989 and found a job in 1993 were employed outside of Ontario. An identical proportion of permanently laid-off workers is found to be employed in other provinces.
Release date: 1997-10-31 - 6. The labour market: Mid-year review [1997] ArchivedArticles and reports: 75-001-X19970033205Geography: CanadaDescription:
Around the beginning of the year, analysts were predicting that1997 would be a good year for the Canadian economy and labourmarket. Is it living up to expectations? This review examinestrends and developments in the labour market during the firsthalf of 1997. (This article appeared as an advance release inJuly 1997.)
Release date: 1997-09-10 - 7. Non-permanent paid work ArchivedArticles and reports: 75-001-X19970033206Geography: CanadaDescription:
This article compares permanent and non-permanent jobs. It looks at wages, hours, benefits and work schedules, among other aspects. The definition of non-permanent work arrangements, the diversity of these jobs, and the characteristics of the workers are also considered.
Release date: 1997-09-10 - 8. Facing the future: Adults who go back to school ArchivedTable: 75-001-X19970033207Description:
Is there a relationship between participation in adult education and unemployment? This article looks at trends in adult education from 1976 to 1996, and examines who goes back to school, according to age, sex, education already attained and family situation.
Release date: 1997-09-10 - Articles and reports: 11F0019M1996093Geography: CanadaDescription:
The statistical observation that small firms have created the majority of new jobs during the 1980s has had a tremendous influence on public policy. Governmentshave looked to the small firm sector for employment growth, and have promoted policies to augment this expansion. However, recent research in the US suggeststhat net job creation in the small firm sector may have been overestimated, relative to that in large firms. The first part of this paper addresses various measurement issues raised in the recent research, and uses a very unique Canadian longitudinal data set thatencompasses all companies in the Canadian economy to reassess the issue of job creation by firm size. We conclude that over the 1978-92 period, for both theentire Canadian economy and the manufacturing sector, the growth rate of net and gross employment decreases monotonically as the size of firm increases, no matterwhich method of sizing firms is used. Measurement does matter, however, as the magnitude of the difference in the growth rates of small and large firms is verysensitive to the measurement approaches used. Part one of the paper also produces results for various industrial sectors, and examines employment growth inexisting small and large firms (i.e., excluding births). It is found that employment growth in the population of existing small and large firms is very similar. Finallyattempts are made to introduce a job quality aspect to the numbers by using payroll distributions rather than employment. The net and gross rates of increase anddecrease in payrolls by firm size are found to be only marginally different than those of employment. The second part of the paper looks at concentration of employment creation and destruction within size classes. This is relevant because if growth is highlyconcentrated, knowing that a firm is small will provide little information about its prospects for growth. Most small firms would grow relatively little, or decline, whilea few expanded a lot. It is found that both job creation and destruction is highly concentrated among relatively few firms in all size groups, but it is greater amongsmall and mid-sized companies than large. Finally attempts are made to correlate the performance of businesses over two three-year periods. It is found thatknowing that a firm is a high performer (in terms of jobs created) over one period is of only limited value in determining growth in the second period. This isparticularly true among small firms. These results suggest that firms which expand rapidly during one period are replaced to some considerable degree by others inthe subsequent period.
Release date: 1997-07-17 - 10. After high school ArchivedArticles and reports: 75-001-X19970023074Geography: CanadaDescription:
The 1995 School Leavers Follow-up Survey re-interview about two-thirds of the respondents involved in the 1991 School Leavers Survey. This article presents updated findings on the education, training and labour market experiences of youths during the first few years after leaving or graduating from high school. (Adapted from an article in Education Quarterly Review, Winter 1996.)
Release date: 1997-06-11
Data (3)
Data (3) ((3 results))
- 1. Facing the future: Adults who go back to school ArchivedTable: 75-001-X19970033207Description:
Is there a relationship between participation in adult education and unemployment? This article looks at trends in adult education from 1976 to 1996, and examines who goes back to school, according to age, sex, education already attained and family situation.
Release date: 1997-09-10 - Table: 95F0241X1996002Description:Release date: 1997-04-15
- Table: 95F0241X1996003Description:Release date: 1997-04-15
Analysis (13)
Analysis (13) (0 to 10 of 13 results)
- Articles and reports: 75F0002M1996009Description:
In this paper, we examine the predictors of an individual's ability to access occupations offering autonomy and authority in the workplace. This paper uses results from analysis of data from the 1993 Survey of Labour and Income Dynamics and the 1994 General Social Survey.
Release date: 1997-12-31 - 2. The redistribution of overtime hours ArchivedArticles and reports: 75-001-X19970043383Geography: CanadaDescription:
Would redistributing work hours solve the unemployment problem? This study converts regular paid overtime hours into hypothetical full-time jobs, then distributes them by province, occupation and level of education. It attempts to match these full-time jobs with the unemployed by province and occupation.
Release date: 1997-12-10 - Articles and reports: 75-001-X19970043385Geography: CanadaDescription:
The proportion of non-permanent jobs is relatively high in eastern Canada, a finding only partly explained by the prevalence of seasonal work. This article provides a regional analysis of seasonal, temporary and occasional jobs. It also asks whether non-permanent jobs include fewer benefits than permanent ones.Where possible, the study examines subprovincial data.
Release date: 1997-12-10 - Articles and reports: 11F0019M1997106Geography: Canada, Province or territoryDescription:
This paper documents job turnover and labour market adjustment activities in the Ontario economy from 1978 to 1993. The following highlights the major findings. Both the permanent layoff rate and the total permanent separation rate vary substantially from one industry to another. In 1992, the permanent layoff and total permanent separation rates ranged from 27.3% and 34.2% in construction to only 1.4% and 9.3% in public services, respectively. The permanent layoff rate and the total permanent separation rate also differ noticeably by gender, age and firm size - in most industries, the rates are higher among male workers than among females, higher among younger workers, and higher among smaller employers.
While the permanent layoff rate increases during business cycle downturns and decreases during business cycle upswings, the reverse trend is observed with the total permanent separation rate. This is because the quit rate and the other permanent separation rate both decline during downturns and rise during upswings, more than offsetting the opposite trend associated with the permanent layoff rate.
These univariate-tabulation findings are confirmed in the multi-variate logistic regression results on the statistical determinants of permanent layoffs and total permanent separations. In most industries, after controlling for gender, age, firm size and time periods, the estimated likelihood of permanent layoffs is lower among female workers, decreases significantly with age and firm size, increases during recessions and decreases during recovery and expansion in most industries. The patterns of estimated incidence of total permanent separations are very similar to those of permanent layoffs except that total permanent separations decline during business cycle downturns and climb during business cycle upswings.
Permanently separated workers have had a much more difficult time in finding employment during the most recent recession than any other time in the past 15 years. Almost 40% of those who lost or left a job in 1989 did not have a job in 1993. This is in marked contrast with the experience of the early 1980s, when 29% of permanently separated workers were jobless 3 years after the separation. A very similar trend is found when the analysis is applied to labour market transitions among permanently laid-off workers.
There is a great deal of out-of-province migration among permanently separated workers who did find a job. Nearly 45% of those who lost or left a job in 1989 and found a job in 1993 were employed outside of Ontario. An identical proportion of permanently laid-off workers is found to be employed in other provinces.
Release date: 1997-10-31 - 5. The labour market: Mid-year review [1997] ArchivedArticles and reports: 75-001-X19970033205Geography: CanadaDescription:
Around the beginning of the year, analysts were predicting that1997 would be a good year for the Canadian economy and labourmarket. Is it living up to expectations? This review examinestrends and developments in the labour market during the firsthalf of 1997. (This article appeared as an advance release inJuly 1997.)
Release date: 1997-09-10 - 6. Non-permanent paid work ArchivedArticles and reports: 75-001-X19970033206Geography: CanadaDescription:
This article compares permanent and non-permanent jobs. It looks at wages, hours, benefits and work schedules, among other aspects. The definition of non-permanent work arrangements, the diversity of these jobs, and the characteristics of the workers are also considered.
Release date: 1997-09-10 - Articles and reports: 11F0019M1996093Geography: CanadaDescription:
The statistical observation that small firms have created the majority of new jobs during the 1980s has had a tremendous influence on public policy. Governmentshave looked to the small firm sector for employment growth, and have promoted policies to augment this expansion. However, recent research in the US suggeststhat net job creation in the small firm sector may have been overestimated, relative to that in large firms. The first part of this paper addresses various measurement issues raised in the recent research, and uses a very unique Canadian longitudinal data set thatencompasses all companies in the Canadian economy to reassess the issue of job creation by firm size. We conclude that over the 1978-92 period, for both theentire Canadian economy and the manufacturing sector, the growth rate of net and gross employment decreases monotonically as the size of firm increases, no matterwhich method of sizing firms is used. Measurement does matter, however, as the magnitude of the difference in the growth rates of small and large firms is verysensitive to the measurement approaches used. Part one of the paper also produces results for various industrial sectors, and examines employment growth inexisting small and large firms (i.e., excluding births). It is found that employment growth in the population of existing small and large firms is very similar. Finallyattempts are made to introduce a job quality aspect to the numbers by using payroll distributions rather than employment. The net and gross rates of increase anddecrease in payrolls by firm size are found to be only marginally different than those of employment. The second part of the paper looks at concentration of employment creation and destruction within size classes. This is relevant because if growth is highlyconcentrated, knowing that a firm is small will provide little information about its prospects for growth. Most small firms would grow relatively little, or decline, whilea few expanded a lot. It is found that both job creation and destruction is highly concentrated among relatively few firms in all size groups, but it is greater amongsmall and mid-sized companies than large. Finally attempts are made to correlate the performance of businesses over two three-year periods. It is found thatknowing that a firm is a high performer (in terms of jobs created) over one period is of only limited value in determining growth in the second period. This isparticularly true among small firms. These results suggest that firms which expand rapidly during one period are replaced to some considerable degree by others inthe subsequent period.
Release date: 1997-07-17 - 8. After high school ArchivedArticles and reports: 75-001-X19970023074Geography: CanadaDescription:
The 1995 School Leavers Follow-up Survey re-interview about two-thirds of the respondents involved in the 1991 School Leavers Survey. This article presents updated findings on the education, training and labour market experiences of youths during the first few years after leaving or graduating from high school. (Adapted from an article in Education Quarterly Review, Winter 1996.)
Release date: 1997-06-11 - 9. The labour market: Year-end review [1996] ArchivedArticles and reports: 75-001-X19970012989Geography: CanadaDescription:
How has 1996 performed compared with 1995 and 1994? This year-end review examines changes and trends in the labour market over the past year. (This article appeared as an advance release in January 1997.)
Release date: 1997-03-14 - 10. Employment and industrial development in the North ArchivedArticles and reports: 75-001-X19970012990Geography: Province or territoryDescription:
The first of two features on the Northwest Territories and the Yukon, this article compares the North's economic and employment trends with those in the rest of the country. Occupation, industry and selected population characteristics are also studied.
Release date: 1997-03-14
Reference (1)
Reference (1) ((1 result))
- Surveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 75F0002M1996005Description:
This paper examines a new variable which would show whether a person's job is related to his or her postsecondary education. This variable would help to explain other characteristics measured in the Survey of Labour and Income Dynamics (SLID), such as wages, supervisory roles, and job stability.
Release date: 1997-12-31
- Date modified: