Earnings, wages and non-wage benefits

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  • Articles and reports: 75-001-X19960032895
    Geography: Canada
    Description:

    The number of dual-earner couples increased in the 1980s, but has this translated to more dual-pensioner families in the 1990s? The growth of husband-wife couples with both spouses receiving private pension benefits is compared with that of their single- and no-pensioner counterparts. Sources of pension income are also analyzed.

    Release date: 1996-09-03

  • Articles and reports: 11F0019M1996094
    Geography: Canada
    Description:

    In this paper we ask the three following questions : 1) even after controlling for cyclical effects, do new spells of low earnings now last longer than they used to? 2) once a male worker starts a new spell of low earnings, does he receive lower real annual wages now than his counterparts did in the mid-seventies? 3) has long-term inequality in earnings risen in the eighties? The answers to these questions are the following. First, even after taking account of the relatively high unemployment rates observed since the mid-eighties, it was harder for Canadian male workers, especially those aged 18-24, to move out of the bottom of the earnings distribution during the 1985-93 period than during the 1975-84 period. In other terms, new spells of low earnings now last longer for these workers. Second, real annual wages received by young males who went through a new spell of low earnings were significantly lower in 1985-93 than in 1975-84. Third, during the eighties, inequality in earnings cumulated over either six or ten years rose at the same pace as inequality in annual earnings.

    Release date: 1996-08-30

  • Articles and reports: 75-001-X19960022890
    Geography: Canada
    Description:

    Contrary to popular belief, the average earnings of men working full year full time seem to decline prior to retirement. This study explores several possible explanations for the unexpected pattern.

    Release date: 1996-06-05

  • Articles and reports: 75-001-X19960012526
    Geography: Canada
    Description:

    Many people believe that service jobs are synonymous with low wages. This article compares average weekly earnings, excluding overtime, of paid workers across more than 100 different service industries. It also assesses the disparity in the earnings of service and goods sector workers.

    Release date: 1996-03-12

  • Articles and reports: 11F0019M1996089
    Geography: Canada
    Description:

    In this paper we use administrative data associated with the tax system to: (1) document the extent of intergenerational income mobility among Canadian men; and (2) estimate the income disadvantage (in adulthood) of being raised in a low income household. We find that there is considerable intergenerational income mobility in Canada among middle income earners, but that the inheritance of economic status is significant at both the very top and very bottom of the income distribution. About one-third of those in the bottom quartile were raised by fathers who occupied the same position in the income distribution. In fact, the income advantage of someone who had a father in the top decile over someone who had a father in the bottom decile is in the order of 40%. We also discuss some of the policy implications of these findings, as well as some of their limitations and the directions implied for future research.

    Release date: 1996-01-24

  • Articles and reports: 11F0019M1996092
    Geography: Canada
    Description:

    This study is one of a series that examines how technology adoption affects the skills of workers. Previous papers in the series have approached this issue in differentways with data from a variety of sources. Using data on the strategies and activities of small and medium-sized firms in both manufacturing and services industries,Baldwin and Johnson (1995), Baldwin, Johnson and Pedersen (1996) examine the connection between the different strategies that are pursued by growing firms.Firms that stress technological competencies are found to also place a greater emphasis on skill enhancement and training activities. Using survey data on the type oftechnology used in manufacturing plants and plant managers' perceptions of the skill requirements and training costs associated with the adoption of newtechnologies, Baldwin, Gray and Johnson (1995) find that technology use leads to greater skill requirements, more training, and higher training costs.This paper uses survey data on the incidence of advanced technology adoption and matched panel data on plant characteristics such as wages, capital intensity, andsize to examine the connection between technology use and the wage rates received by workers. Since higher wages are associated with higher skill levels,establishing a connection between technology use and wages reinforces the earlier findings.

    Release date: 1996-01-09
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Analysis (6)

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  • Articles and reports: 75-001-X19960032895
    Geography: Canada
    Description:

    The number of dual-earner couples increased in the 1980s, but has this translated to more dual-pensioner families in the 1990s? The growth of husband-wife couples with both spouses receiving private pension benefits is compared with that of their single- and no-pensioner counterparts. Sources of pension income are also analyzed.

    Release date: 1996-09-03

  • Articles and reports: 11F0019M1996094
    Geography: Canada
    Description:

    In this paper we ask the three following questions : 1) even after controlling for cyclical effects, do new spells of low earnings now last longer than they used to? 2) once a male worker starts a new spell of low earnings, does he receive lower real annual wages now than his counterparts did in the mid-seventies? 3) has long-term inequality in earnings risen in the eighties? The answers to these questions are the following. First, even after taking account of the relatively high unemployment rates observed since the mid-eighties, it was harder for Canadian male workers, especially those aged 18-24, to move out of the bottom of the earnings distribution during the 1985-93 period than during the 1975-84 period. In other terms, new spells of low earnings now last longer for these workers. Second, real annual wages received by young males who went through a new spell of low earnings were significantly lower in 1985-93 than in 1975-84. Third, during the eighties, inequality in earnings cumulated over either six or ten years rose at the same pace as inequality in annual earnings.

    Release date: 1996-08-30

  • Articles and reports: 75-001-X19960022890
    Geography: Canada
    Description:

    Contrary to popular belief, the average earnings of men working full year full time seem to decline prior to retirement. This study explores several possible explanations for the unexpected pattern.

    Release date: 1996-06-05

  • Articles and reports: 75-001-X19960012526
    Geography: Canada
    Description:

    Many people believe that service jobs are synonymous with low wages. This article compares average weekly earnings, excluding overtime, of paid workers across more than 100 different service industries. It also assesses the disparity in the earnings of service and goods sector workers.

    Release date: 1996-03-12

  • Articles and reports: 11F0019M1996089
    Geography: Canada
    Description:

    In this paper we use administrative data associated with the tax system to: (1) document the extent of intergenerational income mobility among Canadian men; and (2) estimate the income disadvantage (in adulthood) of being raised in a low income household. We find that there is considerable intergenerational income mobility in Canada among middle income earners, but that the inheritance of economic status is significant at both the very top and very bottom of the income distribution. About one-third of those in the bottom quartile were raised by fathers who occupied the same position in the income distribution. In fact, the income advantage of someone who had a father in the top decile over someone who had a father in the bottom decile is in the order of 40%. We also discuss some of the policy implications of these findings, as well as some of their limitations and the directions implied for future research.

    Release date: 1996-01-24

  • Articles and reports: 11F0019M1996092
    Geography: Canada
    Description:

    This study is one of a series that examines how technology adoption affects the skills of workers. Previous papers in the series have approached this issue in differentways with data from a variety of sources. Using data on the strategies and activities of small and medium-sized firms in both manufacturing and services industries,Baldwin and Johnson (1995), Baldwin, Johnson and Pedersen (1996) examine the connection between the different strategies that are pursued by growing firms.Firms that stress technological competencies are found to also place a greater emphasis on skill enhancement and training activities. Using survey data on the type oftechnology used in manufacturing plants and plant managers' perceptions of the skill requirements and training costs associated with the adoption of newtechnologies, Baldwin, Gray and Johnson (1995) find that technology use leads to greater skill requirements, more training, and higher training costs.This paper uses survey data on the incidence of advanced technology adoption and matched panel data on plant characteristics such as wages, capital intensity, andsize to examine the connection between technology use and the wage rates received by workers. Since higher wages are associated with higher skill levels,establishing a connection between technology use and wages reinforces the earlier findings.

    Release date: 1996-01-09
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