Inference and foundations

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All (3) ((3 results))

  • 1. Replication variance estimation after sample-based calibration
    Articles and reports: 12-001-X202100200006
    Description:

    Sample-based calibration occurs when the weights of a survey are calibrated to control totals that are random, instead of representing fixed population-level totals. Control totals may be estimated from different phases of the same survey or from another survey. Under sample-based calibration, valid variance estimation requires that the error contribution due to estimating the control totals be accounted for. We propose a new variance estimation method that directly uses the replicate weights from two surveys, one survey being used to provide control totals for calibration of the other survey weights. No restrictions are set on the nature of the two replication methods and no variance-covariance estimates need to be computed, making the proposed method straightforward to implement in practice. A general description of the method for surveys with two arbitrary replication methods with different numbers of replicates is provided. It is shown that the resulting variance estimator is consistent for the asymptotic variance of the calibrated estimator, when calibration is done using regression estimation or raking. The method is illustrated in a real-world application, in which the demographic composition of two surveys needs to be harmonized to improve the comparability of the survey estimates.

    Release date: 2022-01-06
  • 2. Schooling, Literacy and Individual Earnings Archived
    Articles and reports: 89-552-M2000007
    Geography: Canada
    Description:

    This paper addresses the problem of statistical inference with ordinal variates and examines the robustness to alternative literacy measurement and scaling choices of rankings of average literacy and of estimates of the impact of literacy on individual earnings.

    Release date: 2000-06-02
  • 3. Inverse sampling design algorithms Archived
    Articles and reports: 12-001-X19970013101
    Description:

    In the main body of statistics, sampling is often disposed of by assuming a sampling process that selects random variables such that they are independent and identically distributed (IID). Important techniques, like regression and contingency table analysis, were developed largely in the IID world; hence, adjustments are needed to use them in complex survey settings. Rather than adjust the analysis, however, what is new in the present formulation is to draw a second sample from the original sample. In this second sample, the first set of selections are inverted, so as to yield at the end a simple random sample. Of course, to employ this two-step process to draw a single simple random sample from the usually much larger complex survey would be inefficient, so multiple simple random samples are drawn and a way to base inferences on them developed. Not all original samples can be inverted; but many practical special cases are discussed which cover a wide range of practices.

    Release date: 1997-08-18
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Analysis (3)

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  • 1. Replication variance estimation after sample-based calibration
    Articles and reports: 12-001-X202100200006
    Description:

    Sample-based calibration occurs when the weights of a survey are calibrated to control totals that are random, instead of representing fixed population-level totals. Control totals may be estimated from different phases of the same survey or from another survey. Under sample-based calibration, valid variance estimation requires that the error contribution due to estimating the control totals be accounted for. We propose a new variance estimation method that directly uses the replicate weights from two surveys, one survey being used to provide control totals for calibration of the other survey weights. No restrictions are set on the nature of the two replication methods and no variance-covariance estimates need to be computed, making the proposed method straightforward to implement in practice. A general description of the method for surveys with two arbitrary replication methods with different numbers of replicates is provided. It is shown that the resulting variance estimator is consistent for the asymptotic variance of the calibrated estimator, when calibration is done using regression estimation or raking. The method is illustrated in a real-world application, in which the demographic composition of two surveys needs to be harmonized to improve the comparability of the survey estimates.

    Release date: 2022-01-06
  • 2. Schooling, Literacy and Individual Earnings Archived
    Articles and reports: 89-552-M2000007
    Geography: Canada
    Description:

    This paper addresses the problem of statistical inference with ordinal variates and examines the robustness to alternative literacy measurement and scaling choices of rankings of average literacy and of estimates of the impact of literacy on individual earnings.

    Release date: 2000-06-02
  • 3. Inverse sampling design algorithms Archived
    Articles and reports: 12-001-X19970013101
    Description:

    In the main body of statistics, sampling is often disposed of by assuming a sampling process that selects random variables such that they are independent and identically distributed (IID). Important techniques, like regression and contingency table analysis, were developed largely in the IID world; hence, adjustments are needed to use them in complex survey settings. Rather than adjust the analysis, however, what is new in the present formulation is to draw a second sample from the original sample. In this second sample, the first set of selections are inverted, so as to yield at the end a simple random sample. Of course, to employ this two-step process to draw a single simple random sample from the usually much larger complex survey would be inefficient, so multiple simple random samples are drawn and a way to base inferences on them developed. Not all original samples can be inverted; but many practical special cases are discussed which cover a wide range of practices.

    Release date: 1997-08-18
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