Response and nonresponse
Results
All (9)
All (9) ((9 results))
- Articles and reports: 12-001-X200800210756Description:
In longitudinal surveys nonresponse often occurs in a pattern that is not monotone. We consider estimation of time-dependent means under the assumption that the nonresponse mechanism is last-value-dependent. Since the last value itself may be missing when nonresponse is nonmonotone, the nonresponse mechanism under consideration is nonignorable. We propose an imputation method by first deriving some regression imputation models according to the nonresponse mechanism and then applying nonparametric regression imputation. We assume that the longitudinal data follow a Markov chain with finite second-order moments. No other assumption is imposed on the joint distribution of longitudinal data and their nonresponse indicators. A bootstrap method is applied for variance estimation. Some simulation results and an example concerning the Current Employment Survey are presented.
Release date: 2008-12-23 - Articles and reports: 75F0002M1992009Description:
There are many issues to consider when developing and conducting a survey. Length, complexity and timing of the survey are all factors that may influence potential respondents' likelihood to participate in a survey. One important issue that affects this decision is the extent to which a questionnaire appears to be an invasion of privacy. Information on income and finances is one type of information that many people are reluctant to share but that is important for policy and research purposes.
Collecting such information for the Survey of Consumer Finances (SCF) has proven difficult, and has resulted in higher than average non-response rate for a supplemental survey to the Labour Force Survey. Given the similarity between the SCF and an upcoming survey, the Survey of Labour and Income Dynamics (SLID), it is important to examine the reasons behind the SCF's higher non-response rate and obtain suggestions for increasing response rate and gaining commitment from respondents to the 6-year SLID.
Statistics Canada asked Price Waterhouse to conduct focus groups and in-depth interviews with respondents and non-respondents to the SCF. The objectives of these focus groups and in-depth interviews were to explore reasons for response and non-response, issues of privacy and confidentiality and understanding of the terms used in the survey, and to test reactions to the appearance of a draft SLID package.
Release date: 2008-10-21 - Articles and reports: 82-003-X200800410704Geography: CanadaDescription:
A 24-hour dietary recall from 16,190 respondents aged 12 or older to the Canadian Community Health Survey - Nutrition was used to determine energy and nutrient intake. To identify plausible respondents, a confidence interval was applied to total energy expenditure derived from equations developed by the Institute of Medicine. Estimates of energy and nutrient intake for plausible respondents were compared with estimates for all respondents.
Release date: 2008-10-15 - 4. Respondent incentives in a multi-mode panel survey: Cumulative effects on nonresponse and bias ArchivedArticles and reports: 12-001-X200800110607Description:
Respondent incentives are increasingly used as a measure of combating falling response rates and resulting risks of nonresponse bias. Nonresponse in panel surveys is particularly problematic, since even low wave-on-wave nonresponse rates can lead to substantial cumulative losses; if nonresponse is differential, this may lead to increasing bias across waves. Although the effects of incentives have been studied extensively in cross-sectional contexts, little is known about cumulative effects across waves of a panel. We provide new evidence about the effects of continued incentive payments on attrition, bias and item nonresponse, using data from a large scale, multi-wave, mixed mode incentive experiment on a UK government panel survey of young people. In this study, incentives significantly reduced attrition, far outweighing negative effects on item response rates in terms of the amount of information collected by the survey per issued case. Incentives had proportionate effects on retention rates across a range of respondent characteristics and as a result did not reduce attrition bias in terms of those characteristics. The effects of incentives on retention rates were larger for unconditional than conditional incentives and larger in postal than telephone mode. Across waves, the effects on attrition decreased somewhat, although the effects on item nonresponse and the lack of effect on bias remained constant. The effects of incentives at later waves appeared to be independent of incentive treatments and mode of data collection at earlier waves.
Release date: 2008-06-26 - 5. Effects of measurement on obesity and morbidity ArchivedArticles and reports: 82-003-X200800210564Geography: CanadaDescription:
This article compares associations between body mass index categories based on self-reported versus measured data with selected health conditions. The goal is to determine if the misclassification resulting from the use of self-reported data alters associations between excess weight and these health conditions. The analysis is based on 2,667 respondents aged 40 or older from the 2005 Canadian Community Health Survey.
Release date: 2008-05-14 - Articles and reports: 82-003-X200800210569Geography: CanadaDescription:
Based on a representative sample of the Canadian population, this article quantifies the bias resulting from the use of self-reported rather than directly measured height, weight and body mass index. The analysis is based on 4,567 respondents to the 2005 Canadian Community Health Survey, who provided self-reported values for height and weight and were then measured.
Release date: 2008-05-14 - Articles and reports: 11-522-X200600110450Description:
Using survey and contact attempt history data collected with the 2005 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS), a multi-purpose health survey conducted by the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), we set out to explore the impact of participant concerns/reluctance on data quality, as measured by rates of partially complete interviews and item nonresponse. Overall, results show that respondents from households where some type of concern or reluctance (e.g., "too busy," "not interested") was expressed produced higher rates of partially complete interviews and item nonresponse than respondents from households where concern/reluctance was not expressed. Differences by type of concern were also identified.
Release date: 2008-03-17 - 8. The impact of unconditional incentives upon a multi-stage survey: the Health Survey for England ArchivedArticles and reports: 11-522-X200600110451Description:
Household response rates have steadily declined across many large scale social surveys. The Health Survey for England has observed a 9 percentage points decline in response across an eleven year period. Evidence from other studies has suggested that unconditional gifts or incentives, with small monetary value, can improve rates of co-operation. An incentive experiment conducted on the Health Survey for England aimed to replicate findings of a previous experiment carried out on the Family Resources Study, which showed significant increases in household response among those who had received a book of first class stamps with the advance letter. The HSE incentive experiment, however, did not show any significant differences in household response rates, response to other stages of the survey or in respondent profile between two experimental conditions (stamps included with the advance letter, bookmark sent with the advance letter) and the control group (the advance letter alone).
Release date: 2008-03-17 - 9. Weighting for two-phase surveyed data ArchivedArticles and reports: 12-001-X200700210489Description:
Missingness may occur in various forms. In this paper, we consider unit non-response, and hence make attempts for adjustments by appropriate weighting. Our empirical case concerns two-phase sampling so that first, a large sample survey was conducted using a fairly general questionnaire. At the end of this contact the interviewer asked whether the respondent was willing to participate in the second phase survey with a more detailed questionnaire concentrating on some themes of the first survey. This procedure leads to three missingness mechanisms. Our problem is how to weight the second survey respondents as correctly as possible so that the results from this survey are consistent with those obtained with the first phase survey. The paper first analyses missingness differences in these three steps using a human survey dataset, and then compares different weighting approaches. Our recommendation is that all available auxiliary data should have been used in the best way. This works well with a mixture of the two classic methods that first exploits response propensity weighting and then calibrates these weights to the known population distributions.
Release date: 2008-01-03
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Analysis (9)
Analysis (9) ((9 results))
- Articles and reports: 12-001-X200800210756Description:
In longitudinal surveys nonresponse often occurs in a pattern that is not monotone. We consider estimation of time-dependent means under the assumption that the nonresponse mechanism is last-value-dependent. Since the last value itself may be missing when nonresponse is nonmonotone, the nonresponse mechanism under consideration is nonignorable. We propose an imputation method by first deriving some regression imputation models according to the nonresponse mechanism and then applying nonparametric regression imputation. We assume that the longitudinal data follow a Markov chain with finite second-order moments. No other assumption is imposed on the joint distribution of longitudinal data and their nonresponse indicators. A bootstrap method is applied for variance estimation. Some simulation results and an example concerning the Current Employment Survey are presented.
Release date: 2008-12-23 - Articles and reports: 75F0002M1992009Description:
There are many issues to consider when developing and conducting a survey. Length, complexity and timing of the survey are all factors that may influence potential respondents' likelihood to participate in a survey. One important issue that affects this decision is the extent to which a questionnaire appears to be an invasion of privacy. Information on income and finances is one type of information that many people are reluctant to share but that is important for policy and research purposes.
Collecting such information for the Survey of Consumer Finances (SCF) has proven difficult, and has resulted in higher than average non-response rate for a supplemental survey to the Labour Force Survey. Given the similarity between the SCF and an upcoming survey, the Survey of Labour and Income Dynamics (SLID), it is important to examine the reasons behind the SCF's higher non-response rate and obtain suggestions for increasing response rate and gaining commitment from respondents to the 6-year SLID.
Statistics Canada asked Price Waterhouse to conduct focus groups and in-depth interviews with respondents and non-respondents to the SCF. The objectives of these focus groups and in-depth interviews were to explore reasons for response and non-response, issues of privacy and confidentiality and understanding of the terms used in the survey, and to test reactions to the appearance of a draft SLID package.
Release date: 2008-10-21 - Articles and reports: 82-003-X200800410704Geography: CanadaDescription:
A 24-hour dietary recall from 16,190 respondents aged 12 or older to the Canadian Community Health Survey - Nutrition was used to determine energy and nutrient intake. To identify plausible respondents, a confidence interval was applied to total energy expenditure derived from equations developed by the Institute of Medicine. Estimates of energy and nutrient intake for plausible respondents were compared with estimates for all respondents.
Release date: 2008-10-15 - 4. Respondent incentives in a multi-mode panel survey: Cumulative effects on nonresponse and bias ArchivedArticles and reports: 12-001-X200800110607Description:
Respondent incentives are increasingly used as a measure of combating falling response rates and resulting risks of nonresponse bias. Nonresponse in panel surveys is particularly problematic, since even low wave-on-wave nonresponse rates can lead to substantial cumulative losses; if nonresponse is differential, this may lead to increasing bias across waves. Although the effects of incentives have been studied extensively in cross-sectional contexts, little is known about cumulative effects across waves of a panel. We provide new evidence about the effects of continued incentive payments on attrition, bias and item nonresponse, using data from a large scale, multi-wave, mixed mode incentive experiment on a UK government panel survey of young people. In this study, incentives significantly reduced attrition, far outweighing negative effects on item response rates in terms of the amount of information collected by the survey per issued case. Incentives had proportionate effects on retention rates across a range of respondent characteristics and as a result did not reduce attrition bias in terms of those characteristics. The effects of incentives on retention rates were larger for unconditional than conditional incentives and larger in postal than telephone mode. Across waves, the effects on attrition decreased somewhat, although the effects on item nonresponse and the lack of effect on bias remained constant. The effects of incentives at later waves appeared to be independent of incentive treatments and mode of data collection at earlier waves.
Release date: 2008-06-26 - 5. Effects of measurement on obesity and morbidity ArchivedArticles and reports: 82-003-X200800210564Geography: CanadaDescription:
This article compares associations between body mass index categories based on self-reported versus measured data with selected health conditions. The goal is to determine if the misclassification resulting from the use of self-reported data alters associations between excess weight and these health conditions. The analysis is based on 2,667 respondents aged 40 or older from the 2005 Canadian Community Health Survey.
Release date: 2008-05-14 - Articles and reports: 82-003-X200800210569Geography: CanadaDescription:
Based on a representative sample of the Canadian population, this article quantifies the bias resulting from the use of self-reported rather than directly measured height, weight and body mass index. The analysis is based on 4,567 respondents to the 2005 Canadian Community Health Survey, who provided self-reported values for height and weight and were then measured.
Release date: 2008-05-14 - Articles and reports: 11-522-X200600110450Description:
Using survey and contact attempt history data collected with the 2005 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS), a multi-purpose health survey conducted by the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), we set out to explore the impact of participant concerns/reluctance on data quality, as measured by rates of partially complete interviews and item nonresponse. Overall, results show that respondents from households where some type of concern or reluctance (e.g., "too busy," "not interested") was expressed produced higher rates of partially complete interviews and item nonresponse than respondents from households where concern/reluctance was not expressed. Differences by type of concern were also identified.
Release date: 2008-03-17 - 8. The impact of unconditional incentives upon a multi-stage survey: the Health Survey for England ArchivedArticles and reports: 11-522-X200600110451Description:
Household response rates have steadily declined across many large scale social surveys. The Health Survey for England has observed a 9 percentage points decline in response across an eleven year period. Evidence from other studies has suggested that unconditional gifts or incentives, with small monetary value, can improve rates of co-operation. An incentive experiment conducted on the Health Survey for England aimed to replicate findings of a previous experiment carried out on the Family Resources Study, which showed significant increases in household response among those who had received a book of first class stamps with the advance letter. The HSE incentive experiment, however, did not show any significant differences in household response rates, response to other stages of the survey or in respondent profile between two experimental conditions (stamps included with the advance letter, bookmark sent with the advance letter) and the control group (the advance letter alone).
Release date: 2008-03-17 - 9. Weighting for two-phase surveyed data ArchivedArticles and reports: 12-001-X200700210489Description:
Missingness may occur in various forms. In this paper, we consider unit non-response, and hence make attempts for adjustments by appropriate weighting. Our empirical case concerns two-phase sampling so that first, a large sample survey was conducted using a fairly general questionnaire. At the end of this contact the interviewer asked whether the respondent was willing to participate in the second phase survey with a more detailed questionnaire concentrating on some themes of the first survey. This procedure leads to three missingness mechanisms. Our problem is how to weight the second survey respondents as correctly as possible so that the results from this survey are consistent with those obtained with the first phase survey. The paper first analyses missingness differences in these three steps using a human survey dataset, and then compares different weighting approaches. Our recommendation is that all available auxiliary data should have been used in the best way. This works well with a mixture of the two classic methods that first exploits response propensity weighting and then calibrates these weights to the known population distributions.
Release date: 2008-01-03
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