Publications

    Analytical Studies Branch Research Paper Series

    Annual Levels of Immigration and Immigrant Entry Earnings in Canada

    References

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    Abbott, M., and C. Beach. 2011. Do admission criteria and economic recessions affect immigrant earnings? IRPP Study no. 22. Montreal: Institute for Research on Public Policy.

    Angrist, J., and J.-S. Pischke. 2009. Mostly Harmless Econometrics. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press.

    Aydemir, A. 2003. "Effects of business cycles on the labour market participation and employment rate assimilation of immigrants." In Canadian Immigration Policy of the 21st Century, ed. C. Beach, A. Green, and J. Reitz., p. 373–412. Montreal: McGill-Queen’s University Press.

    Aydemir, A., and G.J. Borjas. 2007. "Cross-country variation in the impact of international migration: Canada, Mexico, and the United States." Journal of the European Economic Association 5 (4): 663–708.

    Aydemir, A., and M. Skuterud. 2005. "Explaining the deteriorating entry earnings of Canada's immigrant cohorts: 1966-2000." Canadian Journal of Economics 38 (2): 641–672.

    Beaudry, P., and D. Green. 2000. "Cohort patterns in Canadian earnings: Assessing the role of skill premia in inequality trends." Canadian Journal of Economics 33: 907–936.

    Berger, M. 1985. "The effect of cohort size on earnings growth: A re-examination of the evidence." Journal of Political Economy 93 (3): 561–573.

    Bertola, G., F.D. Blau, and L.M. Kahn. 2007. "Labor market institutions and demographic employment patterns." Journal of Population Economics 20: 833–867.

    Bloom, D., R. Freeman, and S. Korenman. 1988. "The labour-market consequences of generational crowding." European Journal of Population 3: 131–176.

    Bonikowska, A., F. Hou, and G. Picot. 2011. "A Canada-US comparison of labour market outcomes among highly educated immigrants." Canadian Public Policy 37 (1): 25–48.

    Borjas, G. 1999. "The economic analysis of immigration." In Handbook of Labour Economics, ed. O.C. Ashenfelter, and D. Card, volume 3, chapter 28, p. 1697–1760. Amsterdam: North‐Holland.

    Borjas, G. 2003. "The labour demand curve is downward sloping: Re-examining the impact of immigration on the labour market." Quarterly Journal of Economics 118: 1335–1374.

    Borjas, G., G. Hanson, and J. Grogger. 2012. "Comment: On estimating elasticities of substitution." Journal of European Economic Association 10 (1): 198–210.

    Brunello, G. 2010. "The effect of cohort size on European earnings." Journal of Population Economics 23: 273–290.

    Card, D. 2001. "Immigrant inflows, native outflows, and the local labour market impacts of higher immigration." Journal of Labour Economics 19 (1): 22–63.

    Card, David. 2005. "Is the new immigration really so bad?" Economic Journal 15: F00–F323.

    Card, David. 2009. “Immigration and Inequality.” National Bureau of Economic Research, Working Paper Series 14683. Cambridge, Massachusetts: National Bureau of Economic Research.

    Card, D. 2012. "Comment: the elusive search for negative wage impacts of immigration." Journal of European Economic Association 10 (1): 211–215.

    Chiswick, B., Y. Cohen, and T. Zach. 1997. "The labor market status of immigrants: effects of the unemployment rate at arrival and duration of residence." Industrial and Labor Relations Review 50 (2): 289–303.

    Conference Board of Canada. 2010. Canadian Outlook Long-Term Economic Forecast: 2010. Ottawa: Conference Board of Canada.

    Dooley, M. 1986. "The overeducated Canadian? Changes in the relationship among earnings, education, and age for Canadian men: 1971-81." Canadian Journal of Economics 14 (1): 142–159.

    Easterlin, R. 1987. Birth and Fortune: The Impact of Numbers on Personal Welfare. 2nd edition. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

    Frenette, M., and R. Morissette. 2005. "Will they ever converge? Earnings of immigrant and Canadian-born workers over the last two decades." International Migration Review 39: 228–258.

    Grady, P. 2009. "Is Canadian immigration too high? A labour market and productivity perspective." In The Effect of Mass Immigration on Canadian Living Standards and Society, ed. Herbert Grubel, p. 73–96. Vancouver: Fraser Institute.

    Green, A. 2004. "Beyond harmonization: How U.S. immigration rules would have worked in Canada." Policy Matters 5 (4): 1-32. Montreal: Institute for Research on Public Policy.

    Green, A., and D. Green. 1999. "The economic goals of Canada’s immigration policy: Past and present." Canadian Public Policy 25 (4): 425–451.

    Green, D., and C. Worswick. 2010. "Entry earnings of immigrant men in Canada: The roles of labour market entry effects and returns to foreign experience." In Canadian Immigration: Economic Evidence for a Dynamic Policy Environment, ed. T. McDonald, E. Ruddick, A. Sweetman, and C. Worswick, chapter 4, p. 77–100. Montreal and Kingston: McGill-Queen’s University Press.

    Hou, F. 2013a. "Studying immigrant earnings with alternative data sources and model specifications: A reply." Canadian Studies in Population 40 (3): 166–173.

    Hou, F. 2013b. "Entry earnings of Canada’s immigrants over the past quarter century: the roles of changing characteristics and returns to skills." Canadian Studies in Population 40 (3): 149–163.

    Korenman, S., and D. Neuman. 2000. "Cohort crowding and youth labor markets: A cross-sectional analysis." In Youth Employment and Joblessness in Advanced Countries, ed. David Blanchflower and Richard Freeman, p. 57–106. Chicago: National Bureau of Economic Research and Chicago University Press.

    Macunovich, D. 1999. "The fortunes of one's birth: Relative cohort size and the youth labor market in the United States." Journal of Population Economics 12: 215–272.

    Macunovich, D. 2011. Relative cohort size, relative income, and women’s labor force participation 1968-2010. IZA Discussion Paper no. 5913. Bonn: The Institute for the Study of Labor.

    Manacorda, M., A. Manning, and J. Wadsworth. 2012. "The impact of immigration on the structure of wages: Theory and evidence from Britain." Journal of European Economic Association 10 (1): 120–151.

    Morissette, R. 2008. "Earnings in the last decade." Perspectives on Labour and Income 9 (2): 12–24. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 75-001-X.

    Ottaviano, G., and G. Peri. 2012. "Rethinking the Effect of Immigration on Wages." Journal of the European Economic Association 10 (1): 152–197.

    Picot, G., and A. Sweetman. 2005. The Deteriorating Economic Welfare of Immigrants and Possible Causes: Update 2005. Analytical Studies Branch Research Paper Series, no. 262. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 11F0019M. Ottawa: Statistics Canada.

    Picot, G., and A. Sweetman. 2012. Making it in Canada: Immigration outcomes and policies. IRPP Study no. 29. Montreal: Institute for Research on Public Policy.

    Reitz, J. 2007. "Immigrant employment success in Canada, Part II: Understanding the decline." Journal of International Migration and Integration 8: 37–62.

    Saunders, D. "The Immigrant answer: What would a Canada of 100 million feel like?" The Globe and Mail, May 18, 2012, p. A7.

    Schaafsma, J., and A. Sweetman. 2001. "Immigrant earnings: Age at immigration matters." Canadian Journal of Economics 34: 1066–1099.

    Slack, T., and L. Jensen. 2008. "Birth and fortune revisited: A cohort analysis of underemployment, 1974–2004." Population Research and Policy Review 27: 729–749.

    Tu, J. 2010. The impact of immigration on the labour market outcomes of native-born Canadians. IZA Discussion Paper no. 5129. Bonn: The Institute for the Study of Labor.

    Welch, F. 1979. "Effects of cohort size on earnings: The Baby Boom babies’ financial bust." Journal of Political Economy 87 (5): s65–s97.

    Wooldridge, J. 2003. "Cluster-sample methods in applied econometrics." American Review of Economics 93 (2): 133–138.

    Wright, R. 1991. "Cohort size and earnings in Great Britain." Journal of Population Economics 4: 295–305.

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