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Altomonte, C., and G.P. Ottaviano. 2011. “The Role of International Production Sharing in EU Productivity and Competitiveness.” European Investment Banks Papers 16 (11): 63–88.

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Baldwin, J.R., W. Gu, A. Sydor and B. Yan. 2013. “Material Offshoring: Alternative Measures.” Economic Analysis Research Paper Series, no. 86. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 11F0027M. Ottawa: Statistics Canada.

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