Findings

Immigrant demographic characteristics

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Established immigrants in the labour force

• Experiences of established immigrants similar to that of Canadian born

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Immigrant labour market outcomes, Canada

• Immigrants who came recently not yet established in the labour market

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Immigrant labour market outcomes, provinces and regions

• Immigrants benefited from high labour demand in Alberta
• Manitoba immigrants fared well in the labour force
• Immigrants living in Quebec had difficulty finding work
• Strong labour market performance among immigrants in Atlantic Canada
• Lackluster labour market outcomes for the two largest provincial immigrant destinations

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Immigrant labour market outcomes, Census Metropolitan Areas

• Toronto immigrants had highest employment rates of “Big Three” CMA’s
• Calgary’s employment rate for non-immigrants and immigrants comparable
• Hamilton’s very recent immigrant employment rate lowest among eight mid-sized cities
• Employment rates strong for Halifax, Winnipeg recent immigrants

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Immigrant labour market outcomes, by sex

• Better labour market outcomes for immigrant men than immigrant women

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Immigrant labour market outcomes, selected age-sex groups

• Young immigrant women struggled in the labour market
• Older immigrant women had difficulty finding work

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Immigrant labour market outcomes, by educational attainment

• Immigrants much more likely to have a university education
• Higher unemployment rates for university-educated immigrants

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Immigrant employment, by industry

• Manufacturing employment more common among immigrants

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Immigrant employment, by occupation

• Very recent immigrants working in sales and service occupations

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