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Table 3 Income instability and the tax and transfer system for two-parent families
1994-1999
1999-2004
Bottom
Top
 
Bottom
Top
third
third
Ratio
  
third
third
Ratio
25 to 29
Earnings
0.27
0.12
2.25
  
0.27
0.14
1.93
 **
Market income
0.25
0.12
2.08
  
0.25
0.14
1.79
 **
+Employment Insurance
0.20
0.11
1.82
  
0.21
0.11
1.91
 **
+Social assistance
0.18
0.11
1.64
  
0.19
0.11
1.73
 **
+Tax credit
0.17
0.11
1.55
  
0.18
0.11
1.64
 **
+Family benefit
0.16
0.11
1.45
  
0.17
0.11
1.55
 **
Total income
0.15
0.11
1.36
  
0.16
0.11
1.45
 **
After tax
0.13
0.10
1.30
  
0.14
0.10
1.40
 **
Adjusted
0.14
0.12
1.17
  
0.15
0.13
1.15
 **
 
 
30 to 34
 
Earnings
0.24
0.11
2.18
  
0.24
0.12
2.00
 **
Market income
0.23
0.11
2.09
  
0.22
0.12
1.83
 **
+Employment Insurance
0.18
0.10
1.80
  
0.19
0.11
1.73
 **
+Social assistance
0.16
0.10
1.60
  
0.17
0.11
1.55
 **
+Tax credit
0.16
0.10
1.60
  
0.17
0.11
1.55
 **
+Family benefit
0.14
0.10
1.40
  
0.15
0.11
1.36
 **
Total income
0.14
0.10
1.40
  
0.14
0.11
1.27
 **
After tax
0.12
0.09
1.33
  
0.13
0.10
1.30
 **
Adjusted
0.13
0.10
1.30
  
0.13
0.11
1.18
 **
 
 
35 to 39
 
Earnings
0.23
0.10
2.30
  
0.22
0.11
2.00
 **
Market income
0.21
0.10
2.10
  
0.20
0.11
1.82
 **
+Employment Insurance
0.17
0.09
1.89
  
0.17
0.10
1.70
 **
+Social assistance
0.16
0.09
1.78
  
0.16
0.10
1.60
 **
+Tax credit
0.15
0.09
1.67
  
0.16
0.10
1.60
 **
+Family benefit
0.14
0.09
1.56
  
0.14
0.10
1.40
 **
Total income
0.13
0.09
1.44
  
0.13
0.10
1.30
 **
After tax
0.12
0.09
1.33
  
0.12
0.10
1.20
 **
Adjusted
0.12
0.09
1.33
  
0.12
0.10
1.20
 **
 
 
40 to 44
 
Earnings
0.22
0.10
2.20
  
0.21
0.11
1.91
 **
Market income
0.20
0.10
2.00
  
0.19
0.11
1.73
 **
+Employment Insurance
0.17
0.09
1.89
  
0.17
0.10
1.70
 **
+Social assistance
0.16
0.09
1.78
  
0.16
0.10
1.60
 **
+Tax credit
0.16
0.09
1.78
  
0.16
0.10
1.60
 **
+Family benefit
0.15
0.09
1.67
  
0.14
0.10
1.40
 **
Total income
0.14
0.09
1.56
  
0.14
0.10
1.40
 **
After tax
0.13
0.09
1.44
  
0.13
0.10
1.30
 **
Adjusted
0.13
0.09
1.44
  
0.12
0.10
1.20
 **
 
 
45 to 49
 
Earnings
0.24
0.11
2.18
  
0.23
0.11
2.09
 **
Market income
0.21
0.10
2.10
  
0.20
0.11
1.82
 **
+Employment Insurance
0.18
0.10
1.80
  
0.18
0.11
1.64
 **
+Social assistance
0.17
0.10
1.70
  
0.17
0.11
1.55
 **
+Tax credit
0.17
0.10
1.70
  
0.17
0.11
1.55
 **
+Family benefit
0.16
0.10
1.60
  
0.16
0.11
1.45
 **
Total income
0.15
0.10
1.50
  
0.15
0.11
1.36
 **
After tax
0.14
0.10
1.40
  
0.14
0.11
1.27
 **
Adjusted
0.13
0.09
1.44
  
0.13
0.10
1.30
 **
** The bottom to top differences in 1999-2004 are positive and significant at the 1% level.
Source: Statistics Canada, Longitudinal Administrative Databank