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Table 4
Odds ratios associated with training without employer support

  Men Women
1993 1997 2002 1993 1997 2002
odds ratio
Age
25 to 34 (ref) 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0
35 to 44 1.5 1.3 1.1 1.9* 1.0 1.1(*)
45 to 54 0.9 1.1 1.2 2.0* 1.4 1.1(*)
55 to 64 0.3* 0.7 1.2(*) 0.7 0.7 1.2
Less than high school (ref) 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0
High school graduate 2.5* 4.1* 2.3* 1.3 2.9 1.2
Postsecondary diploma or certificate 3.4* 4.1* 2.5* 2.6* 6.4* 2.4*
University degree 5.5* 7.3* 3.4* 2.8* 5.6* 3.4*
No children (ref) 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0
1 child 3.3* 0.7(*) 0.7(*) 0.9 0.7 0.9
2 children 1.8* 0.6(*) 1.0 0.8 1.0 1.1
3 or more 1.6 1.0 1.1 0.9 1.1 1.1
No spouse (ref) 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0
Spouse 0.5 1.3 1.0 1.2 0.6*(*) 0.8
Full-time job (ref) 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0
Part-time job 4.2* 1.5 1.6(*) 0.8 1.0 1.1
Unionized (ref) 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0
Non-union 0.9 0.8 1.1 1.0 1.6 1.3*
Professional and managerial (ref) 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0
Clerical, sales and service 1.8* 1.6 0.8(*) 1.0 0.6* 0.6*
Blue collar 0.9 1.3 0.8 0.8 1.2 0.7
One year or less in job (ref) 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0
1 to 6 years in job 0.4* 0.5* 0.6* 0.4* 0.3* 0.6*
6 to 20 years in job 0.3* 0.5 0.4* 0.3* 0.2* 0.6*(*)
20 and over 0.2* 0.2* 0.4* 0.4* 0.2* 0.7
Firm size (employees)
Less than 20 (ref) 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0
20 to 99 1.2 0.8 0.9 1.1 0.8 0.9
100 to 500 1.4 1.0 1.2 0.9 1.3 1.1
Over 500 1.2 1.5 1.1 1.0 1.0 1.4*
Public sector (ref) 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0
Private sector 1.1 1.1 0.9 0.8 0.5* 0.8
Newfoundland and Labrador 0.9 0.5 1.2 0.4 0.8 0.7
Prince Edward Island 0.5 0.9 1.0 1.2 1.2 1.3
Nova Scotia 1.5 1.2 0.9 1.2 0.6 0.7
New Brunswick 0.6 0.5 0.6 0.4* 0.9 0.6
Quebec 0.4* 0.3* 0.4* 0.4* 0.2* 0.4*
Ontario (ref) 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0
Manitoba 0.9 0.6 1.3 0.9 0.6 0.7*
Saskatchewan 0.8 0.4 1.1 0.8 0.5 0.7
Alberta 1.1 0.8 0.9 1.3 0.8 0.8
British Columbia 1.2 0.8 1.1 1.4 1.0 1.1
* significantly different from the reference category (ref) [p < 0.05]
(*) significantly different from the 1993 figures (p < 0.05)
Source: Statistics Canada, Adult Education and Training Survey.