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Table 1
Impact of personal and family characteristics and main income recipient on risk of low income among children
Distribution | Specification A | Specification B | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Low income | Estimated probability1 | Difference with lowest | Estimated probability1 | Difference with lowest | ||
Yes | No | |||||
% | % | % point | % | % point | ||
Children's characteristics | ||||||
Boy | 52.2 | 51.7 | 12.8 | 0.0 | 13.0 | 0.3 |
Girl | 47.8 | 48.4 | 12.9 | 0.1 | 12.7 | 0.0 |
Under age 6 | 29.8 | 29.6 | 12.3 | 0.0 | 12.8 | 0.0 |
Age 6 to 11 | 36.0 | 32.9 | 13.0 | 0.7 | 12.9 | 0.1 |
Age 12 to 17 | 34.2 | 37.6 | 13.1 | 0.8 | 12.9 | 0.1 |
Region of residence | ||||||
Atlantic | 6.2 | 7.0 | 14.7 | 3.2* | 17.1 | 5.8* |
Quebec | 18.9 | 22.9 | 11.5 | 0.0 | 11.3 | 0.0 |
Ontario | 40.8 | 40.5 | 13.2 | 1.7 | 12.5 | 1.2 |
Prairies | 16.7 | 18.0 | 12.5 | 1.0 | 12.1 | 0.8 |
British Columbia | 17.4 | 11.6 | 14.1 | 2.6 | 16.0 | 4.7* |
Size of inhabited region | ||||||
Rural | 5.4 | 14.1 | 5.1 | 0.0 | 5.2 | 0.0 |
Urban, population under 500,000 | 35.0 | 38.8 | 11.5 | 6.4* | 11.3 | 6.1* |
Urban, population 500,000 and over | 59.6 | 47.1 | 16.4 | 11.3* | 16.5 | 11.3* |
Family type | ||||||
One parent | 45.3 | 12.1 | 27.9 | 18.7* | 33.5 | 25.0* |
Two parents | 51.3 | 85.0 | 9.4 | 0.2 | 8.5 | 0.0 |
Other family | 3.1 | 2.9 | 9.2 | 0.0 | 12.2 | 3.7 |
One child | 35.4 | 46.3 | 10.9 | 1.3 | 10.7 | 1.9 |
Two children | 18.9 | 24.1 | 9.6 | 0.4 | 8.8 | 0.0 |
Three or more children | 45.8 | 29.3 | 18.1 | 8.5* | 19.4 | 10.6* |
Main income recipient2 | ||||||
Under age 30 | 15.6 | 7.4 | 19.1 | 8.4* | 21.9 | 11.6* |
Age 30 to 39 | 46.2 | 39.3 | 14.0 | 3.3* | 14.0 | 3.3* |
Age 40 and over | 38.3 | 53.4 | 10.7 | 0.0 | 10.3 | 0.0 |
Education | ||||||
Less than high school diploma | 19.5 | 11.2 | 17.8 | 9.2* | 19.6 | 12.3* |
High school diploma | 31.6 | 22.3 | 14.3 | 5.7* | 15.6 | 8.3* |
More than high school diploma | 36.9 | 39.7 | 12.4 | 3.8* | 11.3 | 4.0* |
University | 11.8 | 26.7 | 8.6 | 0.0 | 7.3 | 0.0 |
Work limitations | ||||||
Yes | 16.8 | 6.9 | 15.4 | 2.8 | 20.1 | 7.9* |
No | 83.2 | 93.1 | 12.6 | 0.0 | 12.2 | 0.0 |
Recent immigrant | ||||||
Yes | 12.8 | 5.4 | 22.2 | 10.5* | 26.8 | 15.5* |
No | 87.2 | 94.6 | 11.7 | 0.0 | 11.3 | 0.0 |
Aboriginal off-reserve | ||||||
Yes | 8.0 | 4.0 | 16.4 | 3.7 | 17.5 | 4.9* |
No | 92.0 | 96.0 | 12.7 | 0.0 | 12.6 | 0.0 |
Main activity | ||||||
Employee | 26.2 | 76.6 | 5.6 | 0.0 | .. | .. |
Self-employed | 18.9 | 15.7 | 15.8 | 10.2* | .. | .. |
Unemployed | 8.4 | 1.9 | 34.3 | 28.7* | .. | .. |
Student | 9.0 | 1.2 | 27.2 | 21.6* | .. | .. |
Not working | 33.8 | 4.7 | 39.3 | 33.6* | .. | .. |
* difference in predicted probability is statistically significant to a confidence level of 95% 1. Corresponds to the probability that a child with a particular characteristic would be in a low-income situation compared with another child without this characteristic, all others being equal. 2. Since the main income recipient variable is too closely correlated with being in a one-parent family, it has been omitted from the regressions. Source: Statistics Canada, Survey of Labour and Income Dynamics, 2004. |
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