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| Women | Men | |
|---|---|---|
| Odds ratio | ||
| Independent variables | ||
| Low-wage (ref. higher-wage) | 0.64* | 0.65* |
| Education (ref. some postsecondary) | ||
| Less than high school | 0.42* | 0.73* |
| Completed high school | 0.79 | 0.90 |
| University degree | 1.08 | 1.22 |
| Non-union (ref. unionized) | 1.15 | 1.17 |
| Control variables | ||
| Non-permanent (ref. permanent) | 0.57* | 0.79 |
| Part-time | 0.99 | 0.71* |
| Occupation (ref. professional) | ||
| Manager | 0.59* | 1.42 |
| White collar | 0.38* | 0.91 |
| Blue collar | 0.56* | 1.06 |
| Other marital status (ref. married) | 0.90 | 0.71* |
| Dependent children | 1.04 | 0.95 |
| Workplace tenure | 0.97 | 0.97 |
| Workplace tenure squared | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Worker age | 0.92* | 0.94* |
| Worker age squared | 1.00* | 1.00 |
| Workplace size | 1.53* | 1.56* |
| Industry (ref. manufacturing and related) | ||
| Primary | 1.65 | 1.34* |
| Retail trade | 0.99 | 1.06 |
| Finance and insurance | 3.42* | 2.92* |
| Education and health | 1.82* | 1.07 |
| Other services | 1.21 | 1.11 |
| Profitable workplace | 0.92 | 0.80* |
| * statistically significant for the
reference group (ref.) at the 0.10 level or better. Source: Statistics Canada, Workplace and Employee Survey, 2005. | ||