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Table 4 Direct effect of transfer system on market income-based low-income rates, all ages
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| Total | Canadian-born | Immigrants | Years since immigration | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 5 or less | 6 to 10 | 11 to 15 | 16 to 20 | Over 20 | ||||
| % | ||||||||
| Market income-based low-income rate | ||||||||
| 1980 | 24.5 | 24.6 | 24.1 | 28.5 | 22.7 | 18.4 | 19.3 | 26.9 |
| 1985 | 28.0 | 28.0 | 28.2 | 39.7 | 31.8 | 25.6 | 21.2 | 28.9 |
| 1990 | 25.3 | 24.9 | 26.7 | 38.5 | 31.1 | 26.2 | 21.1 | 25.1 |
| 1995 | 30.7 | 29.1 | 37.0 | 55.7 | 44.2 | 37.2 | 31.3 | 30.8 |
| 2000 | 26.3 | 24.7 | 32.0 | 44.0 | 37.7 | 31.7 | 28.2 | 28.1 |
| 2005 | 25.5 | 23.2 | 32.7 | 43.4 | 35.2 | 34.3 | 29.4 | 28.4 |
| Market-based rates relative to Canadian-born | ||||||||
| 1980 | ... | ... | 1.0 | 1.2 | 0.9 | 0.7 | 0.8 | 1.1 |
| 1985 | ... | ... | 1.0 | 1.4 | 1.1 | 0.9 | 0.8 | 1.0 |
| 1990 | ... | ... | 1.1 | 1.5 | 1.2 | 1.1 | 0.8 | 1.0 |
| 1995 | ... | ... | 1.3 | 1.9 | 1.5 | 1.3 | 1.1 | 1.1 |
| 2000 | ... | ... | 1.3 | 1.8 | 1.5 | 1.3 | 1.1 | 1.1 |
| 2005 | ... | ... | 1.4 | 1.9 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.3 | 1.2 |
| Percent decline in market-based rates after transfers introduced | ||||||||
| 1980 | -30.0 | -30.2 | -29.3 | -13.9 | -17.7 | -21.3 | -24.2 | -37.8 |
| 1985 | -33.3 | -33.7 | -31.6 | -13.8 | -18.2 | -22.6 | -25.0 | -43.1 |
| 1990 | -38.6 | -39.3 | -36.0 | -18.7 | -22.3 | -27.5 | -28.2 | -49.7 |
| 1995 | -38.0 | -39.6 | -33.1 | -15.6 | -20.1 | -26.7 | -29.3 | -49.7 |
| 2000 | -40.9 | -42.3 | -37.0 | -18.6 | -24.9 | -28.6 | -32.2 | -52.6 |
| 2005 | -40.0 | -42.6 | -33.8 | -17.2 | -20.6 | -24.8 | -26.9 | -53.2 |
| Percentage point decline in market-based rates after transfers introduced | ||||||||
| % point | ||||||||
| 1980 | -7.3 | -7.4 | -7.0 | -4.0 | -4.0 | -3.9 | -4.7 | -10.2 |
| 1985 | -9.3 | -9.4 | -8.9 | -5.5 | -5.8 | -5.8 | -5.3 | -12.5 |
| 1990 | -9.8 | -9.8 | -9.6 | -7.2 | -6.9 | -7.2 | -6.0 | -12.5 |
| 1995 | -11.7 | -11.5 | -12.2 | -8.7 | -8.9 | -9.9 | -9.2 | -15.3 |
| 2000 | -10.8 | -10.5 | -11.8 | -8.2 | -9.4 | -9.1 | -9.1 | -14.8 |
| 2005 | -10.2 | -9.9 | -11.1 | -7.5 | -7.2 | -8.5 | -7.9 | -15.1 |
| Source: Statistics Canada, Census of Canada, 20% sample microdata files, 1981 to 2006. | ||||||||
