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Table 7 Direct effect of transfer system on market income-based low-income rates for population age 65 and over

	Total	Canadian-born	Immigrants	5 or less	6 to 10	11 to 15	16 to 20	Over 20
	Total	Canadian-born	Immigrants	Years since immigration
	%
Market income-based low-income rate
1980	61.1	60.9	61.7	36.1	38.6	47.7	53.6	64.3
1985	54.0	54.7	52.0	40.3	45.5	45.2	44.4	53.6
1990	50.6	51.8	47.4	37.1	42.6	45.3	44.8	48.4
1995	61.3	62.3	58.7	49.0	50.4	54.2	56.3	60.2
2000	57.5	58.8	54.3	43.6	44.6	49.4	50.9	55.8
2005	51.2	52.0	49.3	36.4	44.5	49.4	49.9	50.0
Market-based rates relative to Canadian-born
1980	...	...	1.0	0.6	0.6	0.8	0.9	1.1
1985	...	...	1.0	0.7	0.8	0.8	0.8	1.0
1990	...	...	0.9	0.7	0.8	0.9	0.9	0.9
1995	...	...	0.9	0.8	0.8	0.9	0.9	1.0
2000	...	...	0.9	0.7	0.8	0.8	0.9	0.9
2005	...	...	0.9	0.7	0.9	0.9	1.0	1.0
Percent decline in market-based rates after transfers introduced
1980	-51.2	-53.8	-45.2	-12.8	-16.3	-39.3	-39.1	-46.8
1985	-56.0	-58.0	-50.0	-13.8	-15.2	-39.3	-41.5	-53.6
1990	-61.6	-63.4	-56.0	-22.4	-21.3	-38.8	-44.7	-60.7
1995	-68.7	-71.0	-62.3	-22.4	-27.2	-45.6	-47.6	-67.6
2000	-70.8	-72.7	-65.7	-38.1	-50.9	-51.9	-50.9	-68.7
2005	-72.1	-74.5	-66.3	-25.4	-32.9	-44.0	-44.8	-71.7
Percentage point decline in market-based rates after transfers introduced
	% point
1980	-31.3	-32.8	-27.9	-4.6	-6.3	-18.7	-21.0	-30.1
1985	-30.2	-31.7	-26.0	-5.6	-6.9	-17.8	-18.4	-28.7
1990	-31.2	-32.8	-26.5	-8.3	-9.1	-17.6	-20.0	-29.4
1995	-42.1	-44.3	-36.6	-11.0	-13.7	-24.7	-26.8	-40.7
2000	-40.7	-42.8	-35.7	-16.6	-22.7	-25.6	-25.9	-38.3
2005	-37.0	-38.8	-32.7	-9.3	-14.7	-21.7	-22.4	-35.9
Source: Statistics Canada, Census of Canada, 20% sample microdata files, 1981 to 2006.