Information identified as archived on the Web is for reference, research or recordkeeping purposes. It has not been altered or updated after the date of archiving. Web pages that are archived on the Web are not subject to the Government of Canada Web Standards. As per the Communications Policy of the Government of Canada, you can request alternate formats on the "Contact Us" page.

Abstract: The probability of receiving Guaranteed Income Supplement (GIS) benefits is strongly correlated with people's income levels at younger ages, particularly to their earnings in their 40s. Negative labour market and health occurrences, including Employment Insurance (EI) receipt and disability claims, having a low income and the receipt of social assistance benefits increased the probability of GIS receipt, while having an employer pension plan or Registered Retirement Savings Plans (RRSPs) decreased the probability.
Abstract: Women's labour market participation has increased substantially over recent decades, creating challenges for families in balancing work-life responsibilities. The examination of family work patterns revealed significant differences in annual hours of work between families with and those without children.