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Aboriginal Healing Foundation. 2002. The Healing Has Begun: An Operational Update from the Aboriginal Healing Foundation. Ottawa: Aboriginal Healing Foundation.

Afifi, Tracie O., Harriet L. MacMillan, Michael Boyle, Kristene Cheung, Tamara Taillieu, Sarah Turner and Jitender Sareen. 2016. “Child abuse and physical health in adulthood.” Health Reports. March. Vol. 27, no. 3. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82‑003‑X.

Afifi, Tracie O., Harriet L. MacMillan, Tamara Taillieu, Kristene Cheung, Sarah Turner, Lil Tonmyr and Wendy Hovdestad. 2015. “Relationship between child abuse exposure and reported contact with child protection organizations: Results from the Canadian Community Health Survey.” Child Abuse & Neglect. August. Vol. 46. p. 198–206.

Afifi, Tracie O., Harriet L. MacMillan, Michael Boyle, Tamara Taillieu, Kristene Cheung and Jitender Sareen. 2014. “Child abuse and mental disorders in Canada.” Canadian Medical Association Journal. June. Vol. 186, no. 9. p. E324–E332.

Anderson, Kristin L. 2010. “Conflict, power, and violence in families.” Journal of Marriage and Family. June. Vol. 72, no. 3. p. 726–742.

Arriagada, Paula. 2016. Women in Canada: A Gender-based Statistical Report – First Nations, Métis and Inuit Women. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 89‑503‑X. Ottawa.

Axelrod, Paul. 2010. “No longer a ‘last resort’: The end of corporal punishment in the schools of Toronto.” The Canadian Historical Review. June. Vol. 91, no. 2. p. 261–285.

Berry, John W. and Feng Hou. 2016. “Immigrant acculturation and wellbeing in Canada.” Canadian Psychology. November. Vol. 57, no. 4. p. 254–264.

Blossfeld, Hans‑Peter and Johannes Huinink. 1991. “Human capital investments or norms of role transition? How women’s schooling and career affect the process of family formation.” American Journal of Sociology. July. Vol. 97, no. 1. p. 143–168.

Bohnert, Nora, Anne Milan and Heather Lathe. 2014. “Living arrangements of children in Canada: A century of change.” Insights on Canadian Society. April. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 75‑006‑X.

Boyce, Jillian. 2016. “Victimization of Aboriginal people in Canada, 2014.” Juristat. June. Vol. 36, no. 1. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 85–002–X.

Burczycka, Marta and Shana Conroy. 2017. “Family violence in Canada: A statistical profile, 2015.” Juristat. February. Vol. 37, no. 1.Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 85‑002‑X.

Canadian Legal Information Institute. 2004. Canadian Foundation for Children, Youth and the Law v. Canada (Attorney General), [2004] 1 S.C.R 76, 2004 S.C.C 4 (CanLII), paragraph 40.

Carcillo, Stéphane, Rodrigo Fernández, Sebastien Königs and Andreea Minea. 2015. NEET Youth in the Aftermath of the Crisis: Challenges and Policies. OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers. No. 164. Paris: OECD Publishing.

Carrière, Gisèle M., Rochelle Garner and Claudia Sanmartin. 2017. “Housing conditions and respiratory hospitalizations among First Nations people in Canada.” Health Reports. April. Vol. 28, no. 4.Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82‑003‑X.

Corak, Miles. 2011. Age at Immigration and the Education Outcomes of Children. Analytical Studies Branch Research Paper Series. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 11F0019M – No. 336. Ottawa.

Cross, Theodore P., Ben Mathews, Lil Tonmyr, Debbie Scott and Catherine Ouimet. 2012. “Child welfare policy and practice on children’s exposure to domestic violence.” Child Abuse and Neglect. March. Vol. 36, no. 3. p. 210–216.

Dong, Maxia, Robert F. Anda, Vincent J. Felitti, David Williamson, Shanta R. Dube, David W. Brown and Wayne H. Giles. 2005. “Childhood residential mobility and multiple health risks during adolescence and adulthood: The hidden role of adverse childhood experiences.” Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine. December. Vol. 159, no. 12. p. 1104–1110.

Ehrensaft, Miriam K., Patricia Cohen, Jocelyn Brown, Elizabeth Smailes, Henian Chen and Jeffrey G. Johnson. 2003. “Intergenerational transmission of partner violence: A 20‑year prospective study.” Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. August. Vol. 71, no. 4. p. 741–753.

Ferraro, Kenneth F., Markus H. Schafer and Lindsay R. Wilkinson. 2016. “Childhood disadvantage and health problems in middle and later life: Early imprints on physical health?” American Sociological Review. February. Vol. 81, no. 1. p. 107–133.

Finkelhor, David, Richard K. Ormrod and Heather A. Turner. 2007. “Poly‑victimization: A neglected component in child victimization.” Child Abuse and Neglect. January. Vol. 31, no. 1. p. 7–26.

Finkelhor, David and Lisa Jones. 2006. “Why have child maltreatment and child victimization declined?” Journal of Social Issues. December. Vol. 62, no. 4. p. 685–716.

Gil, Andres G. and William A. Vega. 1996. “Two different worlds: Acculturation stress and adaptation among Cuban and Nicaraguan families.” Journal of Social and Personal Relationships. August. Vol. 13, no. 3. p. 435–456.

Guryan, Jonathan, Erik Hurst and Melissa Kearney. 2008. “Parental education and parental time with children.” The Journal of Economics Perspectives. Summer. Vol. 22, no. 3. p. 23–46.

Guzzo, Karen Benjamin. 2006. “The relationship between life course events and union formation.” Social Science Research. June. Vol. 35, no. 2. p. 384–408.

Hango, Darcy. 2016. “Cyberbullying and cyberstalking among Internet users aged 15 to 29 in Canada.” Insights on Canadian Society. December. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 75‑006‑X.

Hill, Terrence D., Lauren M. Kaplan, Michael T. French and Robert J. Johnson. 2010. “Victimization in early life and mental health in adulthood: An examination of the mediating and moderating influences of psychosocial resources.” Journal of Health and Social Behavior. March. Vol. 51, no. 1. p. 48–63.

Horwitz, Allan V., Cathy Spatz Widom, Julie McLaughlin and Helene Raskin White. 2001. “The impact of childhood abuse and neglect on adult mental health: A prospective study.” Journal of Health and Social Behavior. June. Vol. 42, no. 2. p. 184–201.

Hovdestad, Wendy, Aimée Campeau, Dawn Potter and Lil Tonmyr. 2015. “A systematic review of childhood maltreatment assessments in population-representative surveys since 1990.” PLOS ONE. May. Vol. 10, no. 5. e0123366. DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0123.

MacMillan, Harriet L., C. Nadine Wathen, Jane Barlow, David M. Fergusson, John M. Leventhal and Heather N. Taussig. 2009. “Interventions to prevent child maltreatment and associated impairment.” The Lancet. 17–23 January. Vol. 373, no. 9659. p. 250–266.

Macmillan, Ross. 2001. “Violence and the life course: The consequences of victimization for personal and social development.” Annual Review of Sociology. August. Vol. 27. p. 1–22.

Macmillan Ross. 2000. “Adolescent victimization and income deficits in adulthood: Rethinking the costs of criminal violence from a life course perspective.” Criminology. May. Vol. 38, no. 2. p. 553–588.

Marini, Margaret Mooney. 1984. "Women's educational attainment and the timing of entry into parenthood." American Sociological Review. August. Vol. 49, no. 4. p. 491–511.

Milan, Anne. 2013. “Marital status: Overview, 2011.” Report on the Demographic Situation in Canada. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 91‑209‑X. Ottawa.

Moyser, Melissa. 2017. Aboriginal People Living Off‑Reserve and the Labour Market: Estimates from the Labour Force Survey, 2007-2015. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 71‑588‑X. Ottawa.

Nomaguchi, Kei M. and Susan L. Brown. 2011. “Parental strains and rewards among mothers: The role of education.” Journal of Marriage and Family. June. Vol. 73, no. 3. p. 621–636.

Nomaguchi, Kei M. and Melissa A. Milkie. 2006. “Maternal employment in childhood and adults’ retrospective reports of parenting practices.” Journal of Marriage and Family. August. Vol. 68, no. 3. p. 573–594.

Osofsky, Joy D. 2003. “Prevalence of children’s exposure to domestic violence and child maltreatment: Implications for prevention and intervention.” Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review. September. Vol. 6, no. 3. p. 161–170.

Perez Cynthia M. and Cathy Spatz Widom. 1994. “Childhood victimization and long‑term intellectual and academic outcomes.” Child Abuse & Neglect. August. Vol. 18, no. 8. p. 617–633.

Perreault, Samuel. 2015. “Criminal victimization in Canada, 2014.” Juristat. November. Vol. 35, no. 1. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 85‑002‑X.

Porche, Michelle V., Lisa R. Fortuna, Julia Lin and Margarita Alegria. 2011. “Childhood trauma and psychiatric disorders as correlates of school dropout in a national sample of young adults.” Child Development. May/June. Vol. 82, no. 3. p. 982–998.

Ravanera, Zenaida R. and Fernando Rajulton. 2006. “Social status polarization in the timing and trajectories to motherhood.” Canadian Studies in Population. Vol. 33, no. 2. p. 179–207.

Romito, Patrizia and Michele Grassi. 2007. “Does violence affect one gender more than the other? The mental health impact of violence among male and female university students.” Social Science & Medicine. September. Vol. 65, no. 6. p. 1222–1234.

Sayer, Liana C., Anne H. Gauthier and Frank F. Furstenberg Jr. 2004. “Educational differences in parents’ time with children: Cross-national variations.” Journal of Marriage and Family. December. Vol. 66, no. 5. p. 1152–1169.

Schilling, Elizabeth A., Robert H. Aseltine and Susan Gore. 2008. “The impact of cumulative childhood adversity on young adult mental health: Measures, models, and interpretations.” Social Science & Medicine. March. Vol. 66, no. 5. p. 1140–1151.

Scott, Jacqueline and Alwin Duane. 1998. “Retrospective versus prospective measurement of life histories in longitudinal research.” Chapter 5, p. 98–127. Methods of Life Course Research: Qualitative and Quantitative Approaches. Janet Z. Giele and Glen H. Elder Jr. (eds.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

Sege, Robert D. and Emalee G. Flaherty. 2008 “Forty years later: Inconsistencies in reporting of child abuse.” Archives of Disease in Childhood. October. Vol. 93, no. 10. p. 822–824.

Shields, Margot E., Wendy E. Hovdestad, Charles P. Gilbert and Lil E. Tonmyr. 2016a. “Childhood maltreatment as a risk factor for COPD: Findings from a population-based survey of Canadian adults.” International Journal of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Vol. 11, no. 1. p. 2641–2650.

Shields, Margot E., Wendy E. Hovdestad, Catherine Pelletier, Jennifer L. Dykxhoorn, Siobhan C. O’Donnell and Lil Tonmyr. 2016b. “Childhood maltreatment as a risk factor for diabetes: Findings from a population-based survey of Canadian adults.” BMC Public Health. August. Vol. 16:879.

Shields, M., L. Tonmyr and W. Hovdestad. 2016c. “Is child sexual abuse declining in Canada? Results from nationally representative retrospective surveys.” Health Promotion and Chronic Disease Prevention in Canada: Research, Policy and Practice. November. Vol. 36, no. 11. Public Health Agency of Canada.

Smith, James P. 2009. “Reconstructing childhood health histories.” Demography. May. Vol. 46, no. 2. p. 387–403.

Smith, Paige Hall, Jacquelyn W. White and Lindsay J. Holland. 2003. “A longitudinal perspective on dating violence among adolescent and college‑age women.” American Journal of Public Health. July. Vol. 93, no. 7. p. 1104–1109.

Trocmé, Nico, Della Knoke and Cindy Blackstock. 2004. “Pathways to the overrepresentation of Aboriginal children in Canada’s child welfare system.” Social Service Review. December. Vol. 78, no. 4. p. 577–600.

Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada. 2015. Summary of the Final Report of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada. Winnipeg.

Turner, Annie. 2016. “Living arrangements of Aboriginal children aged 14 and under.” Insights on Canadian Society. April. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 75‑006‑X.

Turner, Heather A., David Finkelhor and Richard Ormrod. 2006. “The effect of lifetime victimization on the mental health of children and adolescents.” Social Science & Medicine. January. Vol. 62, no. 1. p. 13–27.

Walsh, Christine A., Harriet L. MacMillan, Nico Trocmé, Ellen Jamieson and Michael H. Boyle. 2008. “Measurement of victimization in adolescence: Development and validation of the Childhood Experiences of Violence Questionnaire.” Child Abuse and & Neglect. November. Vol. 32, no. 11. p. 1037–1057.

Wheaton, Blair and Ian H. Gotlib. 1997. “Trajectories and turning points over the life course: Concepts and themes.” Stress and Adversity over the Life Course: Trajectories and Turning Points. Ian H. Gotlib and Blair Wheaton (eds.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 1–26.

Widom, Cathy Spatz and Robin L. Shepard. 1996. “Accuracy of adult recollections of childhood victimization: Part 1. Childhood physical abuse.” Psychological Assessment. Vol. 8, no. 4. p. 412–421.

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