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Tables

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Tables
Charts
Figures

Table 4.1 Evolution of males' employment rate, for age group 55 to 64, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development countries, 1971 to 2003

Table 5.1 Public pension expenditures in 16 Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development countries, 1995 and 2004

Table 5.2 Employment-to-population ratios by age group, in selected Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development countries, 1999

Table 5.3 Payroll taxes for pensions, selected countries, about 1995

Table 5.4 The distribution of the population aged 65 and above by income quintile, Canada, 1980 to 1995

Table 5.5 Distribution of adjusted transfers and taxes by income quintile and source, population aged 65 and above, Canada, 1995

Table 8.1 Scale of values held by respondents in recent surveys in Europe, 1990 and 1999.

Table 12.1 Selected characteristics of paid employees aged 45 to 54, Canada, selected years

Table 12.2 Married or common-law couples in which the older partner is aged 45 to 54, selected characteristics, Canada, 1980 and 2000

Table 12.3 Selected characteristics of retirement for female recent retirees, by education, occupation and industry, Canada, 2002

Table 12.4 Predicted probability of expecting to retire at the same time as one's spouse, for near-retirees in dual-earner couples, Canada, 2000

Table 13.1 Distribution of respondents chosen in the sample at the year "0", by sex, according to independent variables, ages 50 to 69 in 1996, Canada, 1996 to 2001

Table 13.2 Probability of attaining the status of "retired" by sex, by time spent in transition and age group, Canada, 1996 to 2001

Table 13.3 Trajectories of transition towards retirement, by sex, ages 50 to 69 in 1996, Canada, 1996 to 2001

Table 13.4 Values of quartiles for the variables number of years of work experience, personal income and household income, by sex, ages 50 to 69 in 1996, Canada

Table 13.5 Estimated probabilities of attaining the status of "retired", by categories of the explanatory variables of the model, Canada, 1996 to 2001

Table 15.1 Sample size by two-year class of worker, sex and age, Canada, 1996

Table 15.2 Marginal effects, on speed of closure of trajectory, of the difference between (a) being self-employed in both 1996 and 1997, and (b) being salaried in both years, Canada, 1998 to 2001

Table 15.3 Adjusted patterns of association of self-employment with speed of closure of trajectory of work-to-retirement transition during 1998 to 2001, for three nested models, Canada

Table 15.4 Adjusted patterns of association of self-employment with flexibility of the trajectory of work-to-retirement transition during 1998 to 2001, for two nested models, Canada

Table 15.5 Adjusted patterns of association of self-employment with the index of vulnerability arising from the trajectory of work-to-retirement transition during 1998 to 2001, for two nested models, Canada

Table 16.1 Adjusted patterns of association of public and private sector employment with speed of closure of trajectory of work-to-retirement transition during 1998 to 2001, for three nested models, Canada

Table 16.2 Adjusted patterns of association of public and private sector employment with speed of closure of trajectory of work-to-retirement transition during 1998 to 2001, for three nested models, Canada

Table 16.3 Adjusted patterns of association of public and private sector employment with flexibility of the trajectory of work-to-retirement transition during 1998 to 2001, for two nested models, Canada

Table 17.1 Frequency of some baseline control variables, Canada, 1994

Table 17.2 Frequency of the outcome and predictive variables over four years, Canada, 1994 to 1997

Table 17.3 Results of survival analysis of long-term condition and number of jobless spells, Canada, 1994 to 1997

Table 17.4 Results of survival analysis of long-term condition and number of weeks not in the labor force, Canada, 1994 to 1997

Table 17.5 Results of survival analysis of long term condition and number of weeks unemployed, Canada, 1994 to 1997

Table 17.6 Results from generalized estimating equation modeling of long-term condition, Canada, 1994 to 1997

Table 19.1 Non-standard employment in Canada, ages 15 and over, 1999 to 2003

Table 19.2 Temporary and permanent employees, Canada, 1997 to 2003

Table 19.3 Women in non-standard work arrangements, ages 15 and over, Canada, 1999 to 2003

Table 19.4 Men in non-standard work arrangements, ages 15 and over, Canada, 1999 to 2003

Table 19.5 Pension plan coverage by size of firm, Canada, 1999

Table 20.1 Characteristics of income received from private pensions, OAS/GIS and C/QPP, for the population aged 65 or more, Canada, 2000

Table 20.2 Purchasing power remaining at the end of each decade of non-indexed pensions that began pay at the start of the decade, 1950s through 1990s, Canada

Table 20.3 Changing relative value of price indexed pensions compared to real wages, 1950s through 1990s, Canada

Table 21.1 Two indicators measuring the privatization of the source of income for people aged 65 and over, for the entire group of elderly persons and for two specific groups, Canada 1980 to 2002

Charts

Chart 4.1 Evolution of males' employment rate, for age group 55 to 64, for six countries, over 30 years, 1971 to 2003

Chart 10.1 Labour force participation rates for age groups 55 to 64 and 65 and above, by sex, Canada, 1946 to 2004

Chart 10.2 Average and median retirement age by sex, Canada, 1976 to 2004

Chart 10.3 Labour force participation rates by age and sex, Canada, 1976 and 2004

Chart 13.1 Probability of attaining the status of "retired" for each year spent in transition, by sex, ages 50 to 69 in 1996, Canada, 1996 to 2001

Chart 13.2 Probability of attaining the status of "retired" for each year spent in transition, by age group and sex, Canada, 1996 to 2001

Chart 15.1 Average age of retirement for employees and for the self-employed, Canada, 1976 to 2004

Chart 15.2 Distribution according to speed of closure of trajectories, for self-employed and salaried employees, cohort aged 45 to 69 in 1996, by sex, Canada, 1998 to 2001

Chart 15.3 Speed of closure of trajectories of transition to retirement by self-employment status, cohorts aged 55 to 59 and 60 to 64 in 1996, Canada, 1998 to 2001

Chart 15.4 Speed of closure of trajectories of transition to retirement by self-employment status, cohort aged 45 to 69 in 1996, by household income in 1996, Canada, 1998 to 2001

Chart 15.5 Speed of closure of trajectories of transition to retirement by self-employment status, cohorts aged 45 to 69 in 1996, by education level in 1996, Canada, 1998 to 2001

Chart 15.6 Index of flexibility in the work-to-retirement transition, for self-employed and salaried employees, cohort aged 45 to 69 in 1996, Canada, 1998 to 2001

Chart 15.7 Percentage of persons at Medium or High levels of the index of flexibility in the work-to-retirement transition, for self-employed and salaried employees, for categories of sex, age, and education, cohort aged 45 to 69 in 1996, Canada, 1998 to 2001

Chart 15.8 Index of exposure to events that increase risk of reduced standard of living in retirement, for self-employed and salaried employees, cohort aged 45 to 69 in 1996, Canada, 1998 to 2001

Chart 15.9 Index of propensity to return to the labour market after leaving it during 1996 to 1997, for self-employed and salaried employees, Canada, 1998 to 2001

Chart 16.1 Average age of retirement for public and private sector employees, Canada, 1976 to 2004

Chart 16.2 Distributions according to speed of closure of trajectories for public-sector and private-sector employees, by sex, cohort aged 45 to 69 in 1996, Canada, 1998 to 2001

Chart 16.3 Percentages with unclosed trajectories, for public-sector and private sector employees, by age in 1996, Canada, 1998 to 2001

Chart 16.4 Index of flexibility in the work-to-retirement transition, for employees in the public and private sectors, cohort aged 45 to 69 in 1996, Canada, 1998 to 2001

Chart 16.5 Index of exposure to events that increase risk of reduced standard of living in retirement, for employees in the public and private sectors, cohort aged 45 to 69 in 1996, Canada, 1998 to 2001

Chart 16.6 Percentage of persons at Medium or High levels of the index of exposure to events that increase risk of reduced standard of living in retirement, for employees in the public and private sectors, cohort aged 45 to 69 in 1996, by sex and education, Canada, 1998 to 2001

Chart 16.7 Distributions according to speed of closure of trajectories for employees in three public-sector 'employer groups', cohort aged 55 to 69 in 1996, Canada, 1998 to 2001

Chart 16.8 Percentage of public-sector employees at Medium or High levels of the index of flexibility in the work-to-retirement transition, cohort aged 55 to 69 in 1996, for three 'employer groups', Canada, 1998 to 2001

Chart 20.1 Ratio of senior household income to that of younger households, adjusted for size of family, Canada, 1973 to 2000

Chart 21.1 Evolution of the source of revenue pattern, aged 65 and over, Canada, 1980 to 2002

Chart 21.2 Evolution of the pattern of revenue sources in single women, aged 65 and over, Canada, 1980 to 2002

Chart 21.3 Evolution of the pattern of revenue sources in immigrants, aged 65 or older, Canada, 1980 to 2002

Chart 21.4 Source of income diversification of elderly persons, Canada, 1980 to 2002

Chart 22.1 Mercer Pension Health Index, Canada, 1995 to 2005

Figures

Figure 4.1 Typical labour market trajectories in the second part of the career in terms of the dialectic of welfare and labour market policies

Figure 11.1 Linkages between family and retirement experiences

Figure 13.1 Classification of trajectories taken by the transition to retirement