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Chapter 2

Table 2.1. Low income rates under different lines
Figure 2.1 Low-income rate and unemployment rate, Canada, 1976 to 2009
Figure 2.2 Median after-tax income 1976 to 2009
Figure 2.3 Income growth paths by income quartile
Figure 2.4 Growth paths of average income and LICO/LIM thresholds (2001=1)
Figure 2.5 The 95% Confidence interval estimates of low-income rate under different lines
Figure 2.6 Low income rates in 2007, 2008 and 2009 under a range of low income thresholds
Figure 2.7 Low-income gap ratios under alternative lines
Figure 2.8 Low-income severity indexes under alternative lines, Canada

Chapter 3

Figure 3.1 Low-income rates (top panel) and gap ratios (bottom panel) for children
Figure 3.2. Low-income rates among seniors, 1976 to 2009
Figure 3.3 Average income by age group (top) and government transfers to seniors (bottom)
Figure 3.4 Low-income rates (top) and gap ratios (bottom) for lone parents
Figure 3.5 Percentage of lone parents working 50 to 53 weeks per year
Figure 3.6 Low-income rates for unattached non-elderly people and percentage of those people not working
Figure 3.7 Low-income rates among recent immigrants and their weeks worked per year
Figure 3.8 Low-income rates for off-reserve Aboriginal people and percentage of them working full-year full-time (top) and gap ratios for off-reserve Aboriginal people (bottom)
Figure 3.9 Low-income rates (top) and gap ratios (bottom) for people with activity limitations, 1999 to 2009

Chapter 4

Table 4.1 Low-income rates for at-risk groups in provinces, 2000 and 2009
Table 4.2 Low-income rates for at-risk groups in cities, 2000 and 2009

Chapter 5

Table 5.1  An illustration of the low-income transition matrix, 2008 to 2009
Table 5.2 The one year transition matrices of low income, 1993 to 2009
Table 5.3 Multiple spells of low income across groups of people
Table 5.4 Multiple spells of low income across provinces
Table 5.5 Multiple spells of low income across communities
Table 5.6 Incidence of long-term low income, using an alternative measure of persistence
Table 5.7 Average length of low-income spells (years)
Figure 5.1 Low income entry and resistance under different lines: 1993 to 1994 period to 2008 to 2009 period

Appendix: Methodology and data

Table A1. The 2009 after-tax LICO thresholds (1992 base)
Table A2. The 2009 after-tax LIM thresholds
Table A3. The 2009 MBM thresholds for reference family (2008 base)
Table A4. 95% Confidence interval estimates of low-income rates for at-risk groups in provinces, 2000 and 2009
Table A5. 95% Confidence interval estimates of low-income rates for at-risk groups in cities, 2000 and 2009
Figure A1. Income distributions before and after a transfer
Figure A2. Low income rates under previous (2000) and current (2008) MBM thresholds