| Immigrants - No Canadian education | Immigrants - At least some Canadian education | Canadian-born | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Prose literacy | 246 | 274 | 300 |
| Document literacy | 247 | 273 | 294 |
| Numeracy | 239 | 260 | 278 |
| Problem solving | 237 | 262 | 289 |
| Source: Bonikowska, Aneta, David A. Green and W. Craig Riddell. 2008. Literacy and the Labour Market: Cognitive Skills and Immigrant Earnings. International Adult Literacy Survey. Statistics Canada Catalogue number 89-552-M Number 020, Table 3.3. |
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