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Ability in mathematics and science at age 15 and program choice in university: differences by gender

Ability in mathematics and science at age 15 and program choice in university: differences by gender

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by Darcy Hango, December 2013

Acknowledgements

The author wishes to acknowledge all those involved in the development and production of the Youth in Transition Survey (YITS) and thanks Employment and Social Development Canada for its support, financial and otherwise, of YITS.  The paper benefitted as a result of valuable input and comments from Martin Turcotte, Sébastien Larochelle-Côté, Sarah-Jane Ferguson, Marc Frenette, Kathryn McMullen, and an anonymous external reviewer.

Acronyms

The following acronyms are used in this publication:

CEGEP - Collège d’enseignement général et professionnel

CIP - Classification of Instructional Programs

CV - Coefficient of variation

NELS - National Educational Longitudinal Study

NHS - National Household Survey

OECD - Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development

PISA - Programme for International Student Assessment

PSE - Post-secondary education

PSIS - Postsecondary Student Information System

SAT - Scholastic Aptitude Test

STEM - Science, technology, engineering, mathematics and computer science

YITS - Youth in Transition Survey

Abstract

Past research has revealed that young women are more likely to enter postsecondary programs that have lower returns in the labour market, such as the arts, humanities and social sciences. Young men, conversely, tend to enrol in and graduate from programs in science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM), which generally have greater labour market returns.  Factors such as academic interests, achievement test scores, and high-school marks can affect later university program choice. Using the linked Youth in Transition Survey (YITS)–Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) data, the current paper examines the relationship between mathematics and science test scores at age 15 and first program choice in university, with a focus on differences in ability in mathematics and science by gender. Generally speaking, the results reveal that the intersection of gender and ability does matter; even young women of high mathematical ability are less likely to enter STEM fields than young men of similar or even lesser mathematical ability. This implies that something other than pure ability is affecting young women’s likelihood of entering STEM programs in university.

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