References

Warning View the most recent version.

Archived Content

Information identified as archived is provided for reference, research or recordkeeping purposes. It is not subject to the Government of Canada Web Standards and has not been altered or updated since it was archived. Please "contact us" to request a format other than those available.








  1. Connor Gorber S, Tremblay M, Moher D, et al.  A comparison of direct vs. self-report measures for assessing height, weight and body mass index: a systematic review. Obesity Reviews 2007; 8(4): 307-26.

  2. Yannakoulia M, Panagiotakos DB, Pitsavos C, et al.  Correlates of BMI misreporting among apparently healthy individuals: the ATTICA study. Obesity 2006; 14(5): 894-901.

  3. Santillan AA, Camargo CA. Body mass index and asthma among Mexican adults: the effect of using self-reported vs measured weight and height. International Journal of Obesity and Related Metabolic Disorders 2003; 27(11): 1430-3.

  4. Béland Y. Canadian Community Health Survey - Methodological overview. Health Reports (Statistics Canada, Catalogue 82-003) 2002; 13(3): 9-14.

  5. Kuczmarski MF, Kuczmarski RJ, Najjar M. Effects of age on validity of self-reported height, weight, and body mass index: findings from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988-1994. Journal of the American Dietetic Association 2001; 101(1): 28-34.

  6. Niedhammer I, Bugel I, Bonenfant S, et al.  Validity of self-reported weight and height in the French GAZEL cohort. International Journal of Obesity 2000; 24(9): 1111-8.

  7. Roberts RJ. Can self-reported data accurately describe the prevalence of overweight? Public Health 1995; 109(4): 275-84.

  8. Bostrom G, Diderichsen F. Socioeconomic differentials in misclassification of height, weight and body mass index based on questionnaire data. International Journal of Epidemiology 1997; 26(4): 860-6.

  9. Ziebland S, Thorogood M, Fuller A, et al.  Desire for the body normal: body image and discrepancies between self reported and measured height and weight in a British population. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health 1996; 50(1): 105-6.

  10. Rao JNK, Wu CFJ, Yue K. Some recent work on resampling methods for complex surveys. Survey Methodology (Statistics Canada, Catalogue 12-001) 1992; 18(2): 209-17.

  11. Rust KF, Rao JNK. Variance estimation for complex surveys using replication techniques. Statistical Methods in Medical Research 1996; 5: 281-310.

  12. Yeo D, Mantel H, Liu TP. Bootstrap variance estimation for the National Population Health Survey. Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the American Statistical Association, Survey Research Methods Section, August 1999. Baltimore: American Statistical Association, 1999.

  13. Health Canada. Canadian Guidelines for Body Weight Classification in Adults (Catalogue H49-179) Ottawa: Health Canada, 2003.

  14. World Health Organization. Physical Status: The Use and Interpretation of Anthropometry, Report of the WHO Expert Committee (WHO Technical Report Series, No. 854) Geneva: World Health Organization, 1995.

  15. Cole TJ, Bellizzi MC, Flegal KM, et al.  Establishing a standard definition for child overweight and obesity worldwide: international survey. British Medical Journal 2000; 320(7244): 1240-3.

  16. Canadian Fitness and Lifestyle Research Institute. Available at: www.cflri.ca. Accessed July 27, 2007.

  17. Alvarez-Torices JC, Franch-Nadal J, Alvarez-Guisasola F, et al.  Self-reported height and weightand prevalence of obesity. Study in a Spanish population. International Journal of Obesity and Related Metabolic Disorders 1993; 17(11): 663-7.

  18. Stewart AW, Jackson RT, Ford MA, et al.  Underestimation of relative weight by use of self-reported height and weight. American Journal of Epidemiology 1987; 125(1): 122-6.

  19. de Groot CP, Perdigao AL, Deurenberg P. Longitudinal changes in anthropometric characteristics of elderly Europeans. SENECA Investigators. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition 1996; 50 Suppl 2: S9-15.

  20. Villanueva EV. The validity of self-reported weight in US adults: a population based cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health 2001; 1: 11.

  21. Rowland ML. Self-reported weight and height. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 1990; 52(6): 1125-33.

  22. Spencer EA, Appleby PN, Davey GK, et al.  Validity of self-reported height and weight in 4808 EPIC-Oxford participants. Public Health Nutrition 2002; 5(4): 561-5.

  23. Gunnell D, Berney L, Holland P, et al.  How accurately are height, weight and leg length reported by the elderly, and how closely are they related to measurements recorded in childhood? International Journal of Epidemiology 2000; 29(3): 456-64.

  24. Bolton-Smith C, Woodward M, Tunstall-Pedoe H, et al.  Accuracy of the estimated prevalence of obesity from self reported height and weight in an adult Scottish population. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health 2000; 54(2): 143-8.

  25. Avila-Funes JA, Gutierrez-Robledo LM, Ponce De Leon RS. Validity of height and weight self-report in Mexican adults: Results from the National Health and Aging Study. The Journal of Nutrition, Health & Aging 2004; 8(5): 355-61.

  26. Jalkanen L, Tuomilehto J, Tanskanen A, et al.  Accuracy of self-reported body weight compared to measured body weight. A population survey. Scandinavian Journal of Social Medicine 1987; 15(3): 191-8.

  27. Schmidt MI, Duncan BB, Tavares M, et al.  Validity of self-reported weight—a study of urban Brazilian adults. Revista De Saude Publica 1993; 27(4): 271-6.

  28. Millar WJ. Distribution of body weight and height: comparison of estimates based on self-reported and observed measures. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health 1986; 40(4): 319-23.

  29. Rowland ML. Reporting bias in height and weight data. Statistical Bulletin of the Metropolitan Insurance Company 1989; 70(2): 2-11.

  30. Tjepkema M. Adult obesity. Health Reports (Statistics Canada, Catalogue 82-003) 2006; 17(3): 9-25.

  31. Shields M. Overweight and obesity among children and youth. Health Reports (Statistics Canada, Catalogue 82-003) 2006; 17(3): 27-42.

  32. World Health Organization. Obesity: Preventing and Managing the Global Epidemic (WHO Technical Report Series, No. 894)Geneva: World Health Organization, 2000.

  33. Puhl RM, Brownell KD. Psychosocial origins of obesity stigma: toward changing a powerful and pervasive bias. Obesity Reviews 2003; 4(4): 213-27.

  34. Larson MR. Social desirability and self-reported weight and height. International Journal of Obesity 2000; 24(5): 663-5.

  35. Béland Y, St-Pierre M. Mode effects in the Canadian Community Health Survey:  a comparison of CATI and CAPI. In: Lepkowski J, Tucker C, Brick J M, et al., eds. Advances in Telephone Survey Methodology. New York, N.Y.: Wiley, 2008: 297-314.

  36. Shields M, Connor Gorber S, Tremblay M. Effects of measurement on obesity and morbidity. Health Reports (Statistics Canada, Catalogue 82-003) 2008; 19(2): ??