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  1. Cooper H, Valentine JC, Nye B, Lindsay JJ. Relationships between five after-school activities and academic achievement. Journal of Educational Psychology 1999; 91: 369-78.

  2. Mahoney JL, Cairns RB. Do extracurricular activities protect against early school dropout? Developmental Psychology 1997; 32: 241-53.

  3. Offord DR, Lipman EL, Duku EK. Sports, the Arts, and Community Programs: Rates and Correlates of Participation. Ottawa, Ontario: Human Resources and Social Development Canada, 1998.

  4. Zaff JS, Moore KA, Papillo AR, Williams S. Implications of extracurricular activity participation during adolescence on positive outcomes. Journal of Adolescent Research 2003; 18: 599-630.

  5. Eccles JS, Barber B. Student council, volunteering, basketball, or marching band: What kinds of extracurricular involvement matters? Journal of Adolescent Research 1999; 14: 10-43.

  6. Harrison PA, Narayan G. Differences in behavior, psychological factors, and environmental factors associated with participation in school sports and other activities in adolescence. The Journal of School Health 2003; 73: 113-9.

  7. Statistics Canada, Human Resources Development Canada. National Longitudinal Survey of Children and Youth, Cycle 4, Survey Instruments 2000-01: Book 1 - Parent, Child, and Youth. Ottawa, Ontario: Statistics Canada, 2001.

  8. Statistics Canada. Low Income Cutoffs from 1994 - 2003 and Low Income Measures from 1992 - 2001. Ottawa, Ontario: Minister of Industry, 2004.

  9. Rao JNK, Wu CFJ, Yue K. Some recent work on resampling methods for complex surveys. Survey Methodology (Statistics Canada, Catalogue 12-000) 1992; 18(2): 209-17.

  10. Rust KF, Rao JNK. Variance estimation for complex surveys using replication techniques. Statistical Methods in Medical Research 1996; 5: 281-310.

  11. Yeo D, Mantel H, Liu TP. Bootstrap variance estimation for the National Population Health Survey. Baltimore: American Statistical Association, 1999.