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  1. Canadian Cancer Society/National Cancer Institute of Canada. Canadian Cancer Statistics 2008. Toronto: 2009.

  2. Ellison LF, Gibbons L. Survival from cancer—up-to-date predictions using period analysis. Health Reports (Statistics Canada, Catalogue 82-003) 2006; 17(2): 19-30.

  3. Canadian Cancer Society. Causes of Breast Cancer. Last modified January 7, 2009. Accessed April 28, 2009.

  4. Friedenreich C, Aronson KJ, DeKoning K, et al. Summary Report: Review of Lifestyle and Environmental Risk Factors for Breast Cancer (Catalogue H39-586) Ottawa: Minister of Public Works and Government Services Canada, 2001.

  5. Collishaw NE, Boyd NF, Cantor KP, et al. Canadian Expert Panel on Tobacco Smoke and Breast Cancer Risk. Toronto: Ontario Tobacco Research Unit, OTRU Special Report Series, 2009.

  6. Tabár L, Yen MF, Vitak B, et al. Mammography service screening and mortality in breast cancer patients: 20-year follow-up before and after introduction of screening. The Lancet 2003; 361(9367): 1405-10.

  7. Gøtzsche.P.C., Nielsen M. Screening for breast cancer with mammography. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2006, Issue 4. Art. No.: CD001877. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD001877.pub2.

  8. Canadian Cancer Society. Early Detection and Screening for Breast Cancer. Last modified February 11, 2009. Accessed April 28, 2009.

  9. Public Health Agency of Canada. Organized Breast Screening Programs in Canada: Report on Program Performance in 2003 and 2004 (Catalogue HP32-1) Ottawa: Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada, 2008.

  10. Gentleman JF, Lee J. Who doesn’t get a mammogram? Health Reports (Statistics Canada, Catalogue 82-003) 1997; 9(1): 19-28.

  11. Snider J, Beauvais J, Levy I, et al. Trends in mammography and Pap smear utilization in Canada. Chronic Diseases in Canada 1996; 17(3-4): 108-17.

  12. Maxwell CJ, Bancej CM, Snider J. Predictors of mammography use among Canadian women aged 50-69: findings from the 1996/97 National Population Health Survey. Canadian Medical Association Journal 2001; 164(3): 329-34.

  13. Béland Y, Dale V, Dufour J, et al. The Canadian Community Health Survey: Building on the Success from the Past. Proceedings of the American Statistical Association Joint Statistical Meetings 2005, Section on Survey Research Methods, August 2005. Minneapolis: American Statistical Association, 2005.

  14. Carson J. Family spending power. Perspectives on Labour and Income (Statistics Canada, Catalogue 75-001-XIE) 2002; 10(3): 5-13.

  15. Wardle J, McCaffery K, Nadel M, et al. Socioeconomic differences in cancer screening participation: comparing cognitive and psychosocial explanations. Social Science and Medicine 2004; 59(2): 249-61.

  16. Rao JNK, Wu CFJ, Yue K. Some recent work on resampling methods for complex surveys. Survey Methodology (Statistics Canada, Catalogue 12-001) 1992; 18(2): 209-17.

  17. Rust KF, Rao JNK. Variance estimation for complex surveys using replication techniques. Statistical Methods in Medical Research 1996; 5: 281-310.

  18. American Cancer Society. American Cancer Society Guidelines for the Early Detection of Cancer. Last modified May 3, 2008. Accessed April 28, 2009.

  19. National Center for Health Statistics. National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) 2005 Data Release. Last modified September 9, 2009. Accessed April 28, 2009.

  20. Katz SJ, Zemencuk JK, Hofer TP. Breast cancer screening in the United States and Canada, 1994: socioeconomic gradients persist. American Journal of Public Health 2000; 90(5): 799-803.

  21. Blackwell DL, Martinez ME, Gentleman JF. Women’s compliance with public health guidelines for mammograms and Pap tests in Canada and the United States: an analysis of data from the Joint Canada/United States Survey of Health. Women’s Health Issues 2008; 18(2): 85-99.

  22. Breen N, Cronin KA, Meissner HI, et al. Reported drop in mammography: is this cause for concern? Cancer 2007; 109(12): 2405-9.

  23. Breen N, Meissner HI. Toward a system of cancer screening in the United States: trends and opportunities. Annual Review of Public Health 2005; 26: 561-82.

  24. Kim J, Jang SN. Socioeconomic disparities in breast cancer screening among US women: trends from 2000 to 2005. Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health 2008; 41(3): 186-94.

  25. Rakowski W, Rimer BK, Bryant SA. Integrating behavior and intention regarding mammography by respondents in the 1990 National Health Interview Survey of Health Promotion and Disease Prevention. Public Health Reports 1993; 108(5): 605-24.

  26. Schueler KM, Chu PW, Smith-Bindman R. Factors associated with mammography utilization: a systematic quantitative review of the literature. Journal of Women’s Health 2008; 17(9): 1477-98.

  27. Beaulieu MD, Béland F, Roy D, et al. Factors determining compliance with screening mammography. Canadian Medical Association Journal 1996; 154(9): 1335-43.

  28. Fredman L, Sexton M, Cui Y, et al. Cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption, and screening mammography among women ages 50 and older. Preventive Medicine 1999; 28(4): 407-17.

  29. Vernon SW, Laville EA, Jackson GL. Participation in breast screening programs: a review. Social Science and Medicine 1990; 30(10): 1107-18.

  30. Messina CR, Kabat GC, Lane DS. Perceptions of risk factors for breast cancer and attitudes toward mammography among women who are current, ex- and non-smokers. Women and Health 2002; 36(3): 65-82.

  31. Meissner HI, Breen N, Taubman ML, et al. Which women aren’t getting mammograms and why? (United States). Cancer Causes and Control 2007; 18(1): 61-70.

  32. Rauscher GH, Johnson TP, Cho YI, et al. Accuracy of self-reported cancer-screening histories: a meta-analysis. Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers and Prevention 2008; 17(4): 748-57.

  33. Paskett ED, Tatum CM, Mack DW, et al. Validation of self-reported breast and cervical cancer screening tests among low-income minority women. Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers and Prevention 1996; 5(9): 721-6.

  34. Janz NK, Champion VL, Strecher VJ. The Health Belief Model. In: Glanz K, Rimer BK, Lewis FM, eds. Health Behavior and Health Education: Theory, Research and Practice. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 2002: 45-66.