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Table 3
Odds ratios relating participation in selected activities to personal income and education, by sex, household population aged 25 to 64, Canada excluding territories, 1986 and 2005

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Activity (1986 time-use variable) Higher income† (adjusted for education) University degree† (adjusted for income)
1986 2005 1986 2005
Odds ratio 95% confidence interval Odds ratio 95% confidence interval Odds ratio 95% confidence interval Odds ratio 95% confidence interval
from to from to from to from to
Paid work
Men 3.70** 2.80 5.00 2.70** 2.20 3.20 1.20 0.83 1.60 1.00 0.85 1.20
Women 12.20** 9.10 16.30 8.30** 6.70 10.40 0.88 0.61 1.30 1.00 0.86 1.20
Commuting
Men 3.50** 2.60 4.60 2.70** 2.20 3.20 1.20 0.90 1.70 0.88 0.75 1.04
Women 15.60** 11.40 21.40 9.30** 7.30 11.80 0.68* 0.47 0.97 0.94 0.81 1.10
Household work
Men 0.87 0.65 1.10 1.10 0.96 1.40 1.02 0.75 1.40 0.89 0.76 1.04
Women 0.38** 0.29 0.50 0.55** 0.45 0.66 0.91 0.65 1.30 0.88 0.75 1.02
Meals at home
Men 0.72* 0.55 0.95 0.86 0.72 1.03 1.60** 1.20 2.10 1.20 0.99 1.40
Women 0.27** 0.18 0.40 0.55** 0.45 0.69 0.70 0.43 1.10 0.92 0.78 1.10
Eating out
Men 2.30** 1.70 3.00 2.00** 1.60 2.40 1.30 0.96 1.70 0.96 0.82 1.10
Women 6.00** 4.50 7.90 3.90** 3.10 4.80 0.95 0.68 1.30 1.10 0.91 1.20
Shopping/Services
Men 1.10 0.83 1.50 0.91 0.75 1.10 1.90** 1.40 2.60 1.30** 1.10 1.50
Women 0.95 0.74 1.20 0.99 0.84 1.20 1.20 0.87 1.70 1.10 0.92 1.20
Caregiving
Men 1.50* 1.05 2.00 1.50** 1.20 1.80 1.70** 1.30 2.40 1.20 0.98 1.40
Women 0.56** 0.43 0.72 0.56** 0.47 0.66 1.60** 1.20 2.30 1.30** 1.10 1.50
Civic/Voluntary
Men 1.30 0.73 2.30 1.00 0.76 1.30 0.75 0.41 1.40 1.10 0.88 1.40
Women 0.48* 0.27 0.88 0.78* 0.62 0.96 1.80 0.89 3.80 0.80* 0.66 0.97
School/Education
Men 0.54* 0.30 0.97 0.24** 0.15 0.39 4.60** 2.70 7.80 2.40** 1.50 3.60
Women 1.10 0.70 1.80 0.51** 0.34 0.75 2.70** 1.40 5.20 2.60** 1.90 3.50
Personal activities
Men 1.50 0.98 2.40 1.40* 1.10 1.70 1.80* 1.10 3.10 1.10 0.88 1.40
Women 3.30** 2.00 5.30 2.00** 1.60 2.50 1.20 0.64 2.10 0.90 0.72 1.10
Sleep‡
Men 0.55** 0.41 0.74 0.60** 0.50 0.74 0.87 0.64 1.20 1.10 0.94 1.30
Women 0.61** 0.47 0.81 0.52** 0.43 0.64 1.10 0.80 1.60 1.10 0.95 1.30
Socializing
Men 0.76 0.57 1.01 0.96 0.79 1.20 0.89 0.65 1.20 0.88 0.74 1.04
Women 0.61** 0.47 0.80 0.79** 0.67 0.94 1.30 0.87 1.80 1.00 0.88 1.20
Entertainment (attend)
Men 3.30** 1.40 7.40 1.70* 1.10 2.70 1.40 0.73 2.50 1.30 0.90 1.90
Women 1.30 0.70 2.30 1.20 0.77 1.80 0.79 0.39 1.60 1.20 0.89 1.70
Physically active leisure
Men 0.94 0.65 1.30 1.10 0.92 1.40 1.40 0.96 2.10 1.50** 1.20 1.80
Women 0.54** 0.36 0.79 1.20 0.95 1.40 1.50 0.95 2.30 1.30** 1.10 1.60
Other leisure
Men 0.77 0.57 1.03 0.71** 0.57 0.88 1.50* 1.10 2.00 1.30* 1.05 1.50
Women 0.56** 0.42 0.73 0.66** 0.55 0.80 1.60* 1.10 2.20 1.20 0.99 1.40
Television/Computer
Men 0.99 0.75 1.40 0.77* 0.62 0.97 0.56** 0.41 0.78 0.87 0.72 1.10
Women 0.60** 0.46 0.78 0.80* 0.65 0.98 0.78 0.56 1.10 0.74** 0.63 0.87
Reading
Men 1.50** 1.10 2.00 0.87 0.70 1.10 1.50** 1.10 2.10 2.30** 1.90 2.80
Women 1.04 0.79 1.40 0.91 0.75 1.10 2.00** 1.40 2.70 1.60** 1.40 1.90
Other
Men 0.98 0.41 2.30 0.91 0.65 1.30 1.20 0.41 3.50 1.30 0.97 1.80
Women 0.17** 0.07 0.44 0.84 0.61 1.10 1.40 0.55 3.80 1.20 0.92 1.60
† lowest category is reference (lower-income group; less than university degree)
‡ comparison is with bottom tertile of distribution of time spent sleeping
* significantly different from estimate for reference category (p < 0.05)
** significantly different from estimate for reference category (p < 0.01)
Notes: In 1986, of the 2,263 men, 33.6% (n=760) were in the higher-income group, 35.3% (798) were in the middle-income group (not shown), and 31.2% (n=705) were in the lower-income group; 16.2% (n=366) had a university degree or more, and 83.8% (n=1,897) had less than a university degree. Of the 2,754 women; 26.6% (n=733) were in the higher-income group, 31.6% (871) were in the middle-income group (not shown), and 41.8% (n=1,150) were in the lower-income group; 12.8% (n=351) had a university degree or more, and 87.3% ( n=2,403) had less than a university degree. In 2005, of the 4,827 men, 45.6% (n=2,203) were in the higher-income group, 29.9% (n= 1,445) were in the middle-income group (not shown), and 24.4% (n=1,179) were in the lower-income group; 28.1% (n=1,358) had a university degree or more, and 71.9% (n=3,469) had less than a university degree. Of the 5,842 women; 48.2% (n=2,816) were in the higher-income group, 32.8% (n=1,916) were in the middle-income group (not shown), and 19.0% (n=1,110) were in the lower-income group; 28.5% (n=1,664) had a university degree or more, and 71.5% (n=4,178) had less than a university degree.
Source: 1986 and 2005 General Social Surveys.
Date Modified: 2015-07-17

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