Table 3
Age-standardized mortality rates per 100,000 person-years at risk for selected causes of death, by educational attainment, female cohort members aged 25 or older at baseline, Canada 1991 to 2006
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Cause of death | Total | University degree | Post-secondary diploma | Secondary graduation | Less than secondary graduation | RR | RD | Excess | % excess |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
All causes | 869.4 | 677.7 | 736.6 | 820.9 | 977.7 | 1.44Note * | 300.0Note * | 191.7 | 22.0 |
Communicable diseases | 34.2 | 27.2 | 29.0 | 31.7 | 39.0 | 1.43Note * | 11.8Note * | 7.0 | 20.4 |
HIV/AIDS | 0.5 | 0.3 | 0.2 | 0.5 | 0.9 | 3.21Note * | 0.6Note * | 0.2 | 40.9 |
Respiratory infections | 21.8 | 17.1 | 19.1 | 20.7 | 23.9 | 1.40Note * | 6.9Note * | 4.7 | 21.7 |
Non-communicable diseases | 748.0 | 581.2 | 639.4 | 710.1 | 835.0 | 1.44Note * | 253.8Note * | 166.8 | 22.3 |
Malignant neoplasms | 273.3 | 231.1 | 250.1 | 272.6 | 294.8 | 1.28Note * | 63.7Note * | 42.2 | 15.5 |
Stomach cancer | 6.8 | 4.8 | 5.5 | 6.1 | 8.0 | 1.64Note * | 3.1Note * | 2.0 | 29.4 |
Colon and rectal cancers | 28.0 | 23.8 | 26.7 | 27.9 | 29.8 | 1.25Note * | 5.9Note * | 4.2 | 14.8 |
Liver cancer | 4.3 | 3.2 | 4.0 | 3.8 | 4.9 | 1.57Note * | 1.8 | 1.1 | 26.1 |
Pancreatic cancer | 14.9 | 11.0 | 13.4 | 15.6 | 15.5 | 1.41Note * | 4.5Note * | 3.9 | 26.2 |
Trachea, bronchus, and lung cancers | 61.7 | 29.2 | 45.1 | 59.3 | 77.0 | 2.64Note * | 47.8Note * | 32.4 | 52.6 |
Female breast cancer | 49.2 | 57.2 | 51.1 | 51.8 | 46.0 | 0.80Note * | -11.2Note * | -8.1 | -16.4 |
Cervix uteri cancer | 3.8 | 2.3 | 2.8 | 3.3 | 5.3 | 2.36Note * | 3.1Note * | 1.5 | 40.5 |
Ovarian cancer | 14.5 | 15.3 | 14.9 | 14.7 | 14.1 | 0.92 | -1.2 | -0.8 | -5.9 |
Diabetes mellitus | 24.3 | 11.6 | 14.3 | 18.4 | 32.1 | 2.78Note * | 20.5Note * | 12.8 | 52.5 |
Neuropsychiatric conditions | 55.9 | 57.3 | 53.0 | 55.2 | 58.5 | 1.02 | 1.2 | -1.3 | -2.4 |
Alcohol use disorders | 1.5 | 0.8 | 0.9 | 1.2 | 2.3 | 2.77Note * | 1.5 | 0.6 | 43.2 |
Alzheimer's disease and other dementias | 36.7 | 36.3 | 35.5 | 36.5 | 37.1 | 1.02 | 0.8 | 0.3 | 0.9 |
Cardiovascular diseases | 280.4 | 204.3 | 231.3 | 258.5 | 315.6 | 1.54Note * | 111.3Note * | 76.0 | 27.1 |
Ischemic heart disease | 142.0 | 97.1 | 111.6 | 129.0 | 162.5 | 1.67Note * | 65.4Note * | 44.8 | 31.6 |
Cerebrovascular disease | 64.0 | 52.9 | 57.0 | 61.6 | 69.1 | 1.31Note * | 16.2Note * | 11.1 | 17.4 |
Respiratory diseases | 42.5 | 23.6 | 32.4 | 37.4 | 51.2 | 2.17Note * | 27.6Note * | 18.9 | 44.4 |
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 30.1 | 14.2 | 21.8 | 25.9 | 36.7 | 2.59Note * | 22.5Note * | 15.9 | 52.9 |
Digestive diseases | 32.3 | 22.4 | 24.2 | 31.4 | 38.0 | 1.69Note * | 15.6Note * | 9.9 | 30.6 |
Cirrhosis of the liver | 7.1 | 3.8 | 4.5 | 6.7 | 9.6 | 2.55Note * | 5.9Note * | 3.3 | 46.8 |
Injuries | 31.2 | 29.4 | 30.3 | 30.2 | 36.2 | 1.23Note * | 6.8Note * | 1.9 | 6.0 |
Unintentional injuries | 24.4 | 24.0 | 23.9 | 23.2 | 27.9 | 1.16Note * | 3.9 | 0.4 | 1.5 |
Road traffic accidents | 3.5 | 3.6 | 3.7 | 3.2 | 4.3 | 1.18 | 0.6 | -0.1 | -3.1 |
Intentional injuries | 6.9 | 5.4 | 6.4 | 7.0 | 8.3 | 1.55Note * | 3.0Note * | 1.5 | 21.9 |
Suicide | 6.0 | 4.5 | 6.0 | 6.0 | 7.1 | 1.58Note * | 2.6Note * | 1.5 | 25.6 |
Smoking-related diseases | 100.8 | 49.7 | 74.0 | 94.3 | 124.2 | 2.50Note * | 74.5Note * | 51.1 | 50.7 |
Alcohol-related diseases | 5.7 | 2.9 | 3.7 | 5.6 | 8.0 | 2.75Note * | 5.1Note * | 2.8 | 49.1 |
Drug-related diseases | 4.5 | 2.6 | 3.6 | 4.3 | 6.9 | 2.68Note * | 4.3Note * | 1.9 | 43.0 |
Amenable to medical intervention (younger than 75) | 65.6 | 58.8 | 57.6 | 64.2 | 72.8 | 1.24Note * | 14.0Note * | 6.8 | 10.4 |
* significantly different from rate for university degree (p< 0.05) RR = rate ratio (less than secondary graduation / university degree) RD = rate difference (less than secondary graduation - university degree) Excess = (total - university degree) % excess = [100 * (total - university degree)/total] Note: Reference population (person-years at risk) for age-standardization was taken from internal cohort age distribution (5-year age groups). Source: 1991 to 2006 Canadian census mortality and cancer follow-up study. |
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