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1. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. The Health Consequences of moking: A Report of the Surgeon General. Atlanta, Georgia: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Office on Smoking and Health, 2004.

2. Health Canada. Canadian Tobacco Use Monitoring Survey (CTUMS) 2010. Available at: http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/hc-ps/tobac-tabac/research-recherche/stat/ctums-esutc_2010-eng.php. Accessed June 6, 2012.

3. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. The Health Benefits of Smoking Cessation. A Report of the Surgeon General, 1990. DHHC Publication No. (CDC) 90-8416. Rockville, Maryland: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control, Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Office on Smoking and Health, 1990.

4. Leatherdale ST, Shields M. Smoking cessation: intentions, attempts and techniques. Health Reports 2009; 20(3): 31-9.

5. Swain L, Catlin G, Beaudet MP. The National Population Health Survey–its longitudinal nature. Health Reports (Statistics Canada, Catalogue 82-003) 1999; 10(4): 69-82.2.

6. Tambay J-L, Catlin G. Sample design of the National Population Health Survey. Health Reports (Statistics Canada, Catalogue 82-003) 1995; 7(1): 29-38.

7. Feeny D, Furlong W, Torrance GW, et al. Multiattribute and single-attribute utility functions for the Health Utilities Index Mark 3 system. Medical Care 2002; 40(2): 113-28.

8. Feeny D, Huguet N, McFarland BH, Kaplan MS. The construct validity of the Health Utilities Index Mark 3 in assessing mental health in population health surveys. Quality of Life Research 2009; 18(4): 519-26.

9. Horsman J, Furlong W, Feeny D, Torrance G. The Health Utilities Index (HUI): concepts, measurement properties and applications. Health and Quality of Life Outcomes 2003; 1: 54.

10. Kaplan MS, Berthelot JM, Feeny D, et al. The predictive validity of health-related quality of life measures: mortality in a longitudinal population-based study. Quality of Life Research 2007; 16(9): 1539-46.

11. Orpana HM, Ross N, Feeny D, et al. The natural history of health-related quality of life: a 10-year cohort study. Health Reports 2009; 20(1): 29-35.

12. Drummond M. Introducing economic and quality of life measurements into clinical studies. Annals of Medicine 2001; 33(5): 344-9.

13. Grootendorst P, Feeny D, Furlong W. Health Utilities Index Mark 3: evidence of construct validity for stroke and arthritis in a population health survey. Medical Care 2000; 38(3): 290-9.

14. Bernier J, Feng Y, Asakawa K. Strategies for handling normality assumptions in multi-level modeling: a case study estimating trajectories of Health Utilities Index Mark 3 scores. Health Reports 2011; 22(4): 45-51.

15. Yeo D, Mantel H, Liu TP. Bootstrap variance estimation for the National Population Health Survey. Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the American Statistical Association, Survey Research Methods Section, August 1999. Baltimore: American Statistical Association, 1999.

16. Shields M. The journey to quitting smoking. Health Reports 2005; 16(3): 19-36.

17. Huxley RR, Woodward M. Cigarette smoking as a risk factor for coronary heart disease in women compared with men: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. The Lancet 2011; 378(9799): 1297-305.

18. Heikkinen H, Jallinoja P, Saarni SI, Patja K. The impact of smoking on health-related and overall quality of life: a general population survey in Finland. Nicotine and Tobacco Research 2008; 10(7): 1199-207.

19. McClave AK, Dube SR, Strine TW, Mokdad AH. Associations between health-related quality of life and smoking status among a large sample of U.S. adults. Preventive Medicine 2009; 48(2): 173-9.

20. Tillmann M, Silcock J. A comparison of smokers’ and ex-smokers’ health-related quality of life. Journal of Public Health Medicine 1997; 19(3): 268-73.

21. Wilson D, Parsons J, Wakefield M. The health-related quality-of-life of never smokers, ex-smokers, and light, moderate, and heavy smokers. Preventive Medicine 1999; 29(3): 139-44.

22. Woolf SH, Rothemich SF, Johnson RE, Marsland DW. Is cigarette smoking associated with impaired physical and mental functional status? An office-based survey of primary care patients. American Journal of Preventive Medicine 1999; 17(2): 134-7.

23. Hirdes JP, Maxwell CJ. Smoking cessation and quality of life outcomes among older adults in the Campbell’s Survey on Well-Being. Canadian Journal of Public Health 1994; 85(2): 99-102.

24. Mulder I, Tijhuis M, Smit HA, Kromhout D. Smoking cessation and quality of life: the effect of amount of smoking and time since quitting. Preventive Medicine 2001; 33(6): 653-60.

25. Guiterrez-Bedmar M, Segui-Gomez M, Gomez-Gracia E, et al. Smoking status, changes in smoking status and health-related quality of life: findings from the SUN (“Seguimiento Universidad de Navarra”) cohort. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2009; 6(1): 310-20.

26. Hoogwegt MT, Hoeks SE, Pedersen SS, et al. Smoking cessation has no influence on quality of life in patients with peripheral arterial disease 5 years post-vascular surgery. European Journal of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery 2010; 40(3): 355-62.

27. Quist-Paulsen P, Bakke PS, Gallefoss F. Does smoking cessation improve quality of life in patients with coronary heart disease? Scandinavian Cardiovascular Journal 2006; 40(1): 11-6.

28. Sales MP, Oliveira MI, Mattos IM, et al. The impact of smoking cessation on patient quality of life Jornal Brasileiro de Pneumologia 2009; 35(5): 436-41.

29. Sarna L, Bialous SA, Cooley ME, et al. Impact of smoking and smoking cessation on health-related quality of life in women in the Nurses’ Health Study. Quality of Life Research 2008; 17(10): 1217-27.

30. Strandberg AY, Strandberg TE, Pitkala K, et al. The effect of smoking in midlife on health-related quality of life in old age: a 26-year prospective study. Archives of Internal Medicine 2008; 168(18): 1968-74.

31. Wiggers LC, Oort FJ, Peters RJ, et al. Smoking cessation may not improve quality of life in atherosclerotic patients. Nicotine and Tobacco Research 2006; 8(4): 581-9.

32. Sheilds M, Wilkins K. Smoking, smoking cessation and health disease risk: A 16-year follow-up study. Health Reports 2013; 24(2): 12-22.