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1. Fried LP, Ferrucci L, Darer J, et al. Untangling the concepts of disability, frailty, and comorbidity: Implications for improved targeting and care. Journal of Gerontology 2004; 59(3): 255-63.

2. Rockwood K, Mitnitski A. Frailty in relation to an accumulation of deficits. Journal Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences 2007; 62 (7): 722-7.

3. Searle SD, Mitnitski A, Gahbauer EA, et al. A standard procedure for creating a frailty index. BMC Geriatrics 2008; 8(1): 24.

4. Woo J, Goggins W, Sham A, et al. Public health significance of the Frailty Index. Disability and Rehabilitation 2006; 28(8): 515-21.

5. Mitnitski A, Mogilner AJ, Rockwood K. Accumulation of deficits as a proxy measure of aging. The Scientific World Journal 2001; 1: 323-36.

6. Bergman H, Ferrucci L, Guralnik J, et al. Frailty: Emerging research and clinical paradigm—issues and controversies. Journal Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences 2007; 62(7):  731-7.

7. Canadian Institute for Health Information. Caring for seniors with Alzheimer’s Disease and other forms of dementia. Analysis in Brief  2010. Available at:  https://secure.cihi.ca/free_products/Dementia_AIB_2010_EN.pdf.

8. Fried LP, Tangen CM, Walston J et al. Frailty in older adults: Evidence for a phenotype. Journal of Gerontology 2001; 56A(3): M146-56.

9. Song X, Mitnitski A, Rockwood K. Prevalence and 10-year outcomes of frailty in older adults in relation to deficit accumulation. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 2010; 58(4): 681-7.

10. Rockwood K, Andrew M, Mitnitski A. A comparison of two approaches to measuring frailty in elderly people. Journal Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences 2007; 62 (7): 738-43.

11. Kulminski A, Yashin A, Ukraintseva S, et al. Accumulation of health disorders as a systemic measure of aging: Findings from the NLTCS data. Mechanisms of Ageing and Development 2006; 127: 840-8.

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16. Rockwood K, Song X, Mitnitski A. Changes in relative fitness and frailty across the adult lifespan: Evidence from the Canadian National Population Health Survey. Canadian Medical Association Journal 2011; 183(8): E487-94.

17. Kulminski AM, Ukraintseva SV, Kulminskaya IV, et al. Cumulative deficits better characterize susceptibility to death in the elderly than phenotypic frailty: Lessons from the Cardiovascular Health Study. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 2008; 56(5): 898-903.

18. Jones DM, Song X, Rockwood K. Operationalizing a frailty index from a standardized comprehensive geriatric assessment. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 2004; 52(11): 1929-33.

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35. Rockwood K, Song X, MacKnight C, et al. A global clinical measure of fitness and frailty in elderly people. Canadian Medical Association Journal 2005; 173(5): 489-95.

36. Canadian Study of Health and Aging Working Group. Disability and frailty among elderly Canadians:  A comparison of six surveys. International Psychogeriatrics 2001; 13(Suppl. 1): 159-67.

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