Table 4-1
Researchers engaged in research and development
(R & D) — Selected OECD countries
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| 1998 | 1999 r | 2000 r | 2001 r | 2002 r | 2003 r | 2004 r | 2005 r | 2006 r | 2007 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| thousands | ||||||||||
| Researchers | ||||||||||
| United States | .. | 1,261 | 1,290 | 1,320 | 1,342 | 1,431 | 1,394 | 1,388 | 1,426 | .. |
| Japan 1 | 653 | 659 | 648 | 676 | 647 | 675 | 677 | 705 | 710 | 710 |
| Germany | 238 | 255 | 258 | 264 | 266 | 269 | 270 | 272 | 280 | 291 |
| United Kingdom | 158 | 168 | 171 | 182 | 198 | 217 | 229 | 249 | 254 | 255 |
| France | 156 | 160 | 172 | 177 | 186 | 193 | 202 | 203 | 211 | 216 |
| Italy | 65 | 65 | 66 | 67 | 71 | 70 | 72 | 82 | 88 | 93 |
| Canada | 95 | 99 | 108 | 115 | 116 | 123 | 130 | 137 | 139 | .. |
| Netherlands | 39 | 40 | 42 | 46 | 38 | 37 | 47 | 47 | 52 | 50 |
| Sweden | .. | 40 | .. | 46 | .. | 48 | 49 | 55 | 56 | 48 |
| millions | ||||||||||
| Total labour force | ||||||||||
| United States | 139 | 141 | 144 | 145 | 146 | 148 | 149 | 150 | 152 | 154 |
| Japan 1 | 68 | 68 | 68 | 68 | 67 | 67 | 66 | 67 | 67 | 67 |
| Germany | 40 | 40 | 40 | 40 | 40 | 40 | 40 | 41 | 42 | 42 |
| United Kingdom | 28 | 29 | 29 | 29 | 29 | 29 | 29 | 30 | 31 | 31 |
| France | 26 | 27 | 27 | 27 | 27 | 28 | 28 | 28 | 28 | 28 |
| Italy | 23 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 25 | 25 |
| Canada | 15 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 17 | 17 | 17 | 17 | 18 | 18 |
| Netherlands | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 |
| Sweden | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 |
| ratio | ||||||||||
| Total researchers per thousand labour force | ||||||||||
| United States | .. | 9.0 | 9.0 | 9.1 | 9.2 | 9.7 | 9.4 | 9.3 | 9.4 | .. |
| Japan 1 | 9.6 | 9.7 | 9.6 | 10.0 | 9.7 | 10.1 | 10.2 | 10.6 | 10.7 | 10.7 |
| Germany | 5.9 | 6.4 | 6.5 | 6.7 | 6.7 | 6.8 | 6.8 | 6.6 | 6.7 | 7.0 |
| United Kingdom | 5.6 | 5.9 | 5.9 | 6.3 | 6.8 | 7.4 | 7.8 | 8.3 | 8.3 | 8.3 |
| France | 5.9 | 6.0 | 6.4 | 6.5 | 6.8 | 7.0 | 7.3 | 7.2 | 7.5 | 7.6 |
| Italy | 2.8 | 2.8 | 2.8 | 2.8 | 3.0 | 2.9 | 3.0 | 3.4 | 3.6 | 3.8 |
| Canada | 6.2 | 6.3 | 6.8 | 7.1 | 7.0 | 7.3 | 7.6 | 7.9 | 7.9 | .. |
| Netherlands | 5.0 | 5.1 | 5.2 | 5.5 | 4.5 | 4.4 | 5.5 | 5.5 | 6.0 | 5.7 |
| Sweden | .. | 9.1 | .. | 10.3 | .. | 10.7 | 10.8 | 11.9 | 11.9 | 9.9 |
Overestimated (not in full-time equivalent).
Note(s):
Personnel counts are reported as full-time equivalents.
Source(s):
OECD, Main Science and Technology Indicators,Volume 2009/2, Table 08.
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