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Table 5.2
Estimated coefficients from earnings regressions without skill effects – females
| Column 1: Basic regression results |
Column 2: First adjusted regression results1 |
Column 3: Second adjusted regression results2 |
Column 4: Preferred adjusted regression results3 |
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|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| regression coefficient | standard error | regression coefficient | standard error | regression coefficient | standard error | regression coefficient | standard error | |
| Immigrant (Canadian education) | … | … | -0.046 | (0.093) | 0.090 | (0.079) | 0.153** | (0.069) |
| Immigrant (no Canadian education) | … | … | -0.387*** | (0.118) | -0.072 | (0.149) | 0.639** | (0.247) |
| Years since migration | 0.028*** | (0.007) | … | … | … | … | … | … |
| Years since migration squared / 100 | -0.035*** | (0.012) | … | … | … | … | … | … |
| Experience | 0.054*** | (0.005) | 0.054*** | (0.006) | … | … | … | … |
| Experience squared / 100 | -0.102*** | (0.012) | -0.102*** | (0.013) | … | … | … | … |
| Canadian experience (Canadian born) | … | … | … | … | 0.057*** | (0.006) | 0.072*** | (0.005) |
| Canadian experience squared / 100 (Canadian born) | … | … | … | … | -0.108*** | (0.014) | -0.114*** | (0.013) |
| Canadian experience (immigrant, Canadian educated) | … | … | 0.066*** | (0.007) | 0.058*** | (0.007) | 0.072*** | (0.006) |
| Canadian experience squared / 100 (immigrant, Canadian education) | … | … | -0.120*** | (0.019) | -0.109*** | (0.018) | -0.113*** | (0.016) |
| Foreign experience (immigrant, Canadian education) | … | … | … | … | … | … | -0.022 | (0.013) |
| Foreign experience squared / 100 (immigrant, Canadian education) | … | … | … | … | … | … | 0.105** | (0.051) |
| Canadian experience (immigrant, no Canadian education) | … | … | 0.076*** | (0.015) | 0.054*** | (0.016) | 0.040** | (0.015) |
| Canadian experience squared / 100 (immigrant, no Canadian education) |
… | … | -0.126*** | (0.036) | -0.099** | -(0.038) | -0.078** | (0.034) |
| Foreign experience (immigrant, no Canadian education) | … | … | … | … | … | … | 0.026 | (0.017) |
| Foreign experience squared / 100 (immigrant, no Canadian education) |
… | … | … | … | … | … | -0.079 | (0.047) |
| Foreign experience | … | … | … | … | 0.003 | (0.008) | … | … |
| Foreign experience squared / 100 | … | … | … | … | 0.015 | (0.027) | … | … |
| High school | 0.342*** | (0.060) | 0.341*** | (0.059) | 0.354*** | (0.059) | - | - |
| Non-university post-secondary | 0.569*** | (0.066) | 0.570*** | (0.067) | 0.580*** | (0.066) | - | - |
| University | 0.967*** | (0.079) | 0.971*** | (0.080) | 0.983*** | (0.080) | - | - |
| High school (Canadian born and immigrant, Canadian education) | … | … | … | … | … | … | 0.604*** | (0.085) |
| Non-university post-secondary (Canadian born and immigrant, Canadian education) |
… | … | … | … | … | … | 1.028*** | (0.119) |
| University (Canadian born and immigrant, Canadian education) | … | … | … | … | … | … | 1.430*** | (0.083) |
| High school (immigrant, no Canadian education) | … | … | … | … | … | … | 0.143 | (0.127) |
| Non-university post-secondary (immigrant, no Canadian education) | … | … | … | … | … | … | 0.290** | (0.130) |
| University (immigrant, no Canadian education) | … | … | … | … | … | … | 0.411*** | (0.141) |
| High school * Canadian experience (Canadian born and immigrant, Canadian education) | … | … | … | … | … | … | -0.010*** | (0.003) |
| Post-secondary non-university * Canadian experience (Canadian born and immigrant, Canadian education) |
… | … | … | … | … | … | -0.020*** | (0.004) |
| University * Canadian experience (Canadian born and immigrant, Canadian education) | … | … | … | … | … | … | -0.020*** | (0.003) |
| First language not English or French | -0.049 | (0.044) | -0.046 | (0.052) | -0.044 | (0.051) | -0.064 | (0.052) |
| United States or United Kingdom origin | … | … | -0.067 | (0.103) | -0.085 | (0.117) | -0.072 | (0.132) |
| European origin | … | … | -0.052 | (0.077) | -0.038 | (0.076) | -0.081 | (0.075) |
| Asian origin | … | … | -0.078 | (0.072) | -0.072 | (0.070) | -0.083 | (0.072) |
| Number of observations | 5,003 | … | 5,003 | … | 5,003 | … | 5,003 | … |
| R-squared | 0.330 | … | 0.330 | … | 0.340 | … | 0.360 | … |
|
* Coefficient significant at 10% significance level. ** Coefficient significant at 5% significance level. *** Coefficient significant at 1% significance level. 1. With adjusted immigrant entry and Canadian experience effects. 2. With adjusted separate return to Canadian experience. 3. With complete interactions among all immigrant, experience and education variables. Note: Regressions include indicators for province of residence. |
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