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Table 5.4
Estimated coefficients from earnings regressions with skill effects – males
| Column 1: Regression results with added skill variable |
Column 2: First adjusted regression results1 |
Column 3: Second adjusted regression results2 |
Column 4: Third adjusted regression results3 |
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|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| regression coefficient | standard error | regression coefficient | standard error | regression coefficient | standard error | regression coefficient | standard error | |||||||
| Average skill score / 100 (Canadian born) | … | … | 0.244*** | (0.051) | 0.241*** | (0.050) | 0.108 | (0.093) | ||||||
| Average skill score / 100 (immigrants) | … | … | 0.368*** | (0.045) | … | … | … | … | ||||||
| Average skill score / 100 (immigrant, Canadian education) | … | … | … | … | 0.317*** | (0.076) | 0.267*** | (0.085) | ||||||
| Average skill score / 100 (immigrant no Canadian education) | … | … | … | … | 0.408*** | (0.056) | 0.279*** | (0.098) | ||||||
| Average skill score /100* experience (Canadian born) | … | … | … | … | … | … | 0.007** | (0.003) | ||||||
| Average skill score /100* foreign experience (immigrant) | … | … | … | … | … | … | 0.011* | (0.006) | ||||||
| Did not complete main skill tasks | 0.098*** | (0.026) | 0.104*** | (0.026) | 0.106*** | (0.026) | 0.11*** | (0.026) | ||||||
| Immigrant (Canadian education) | 0.068 | (0.085) | -0.288 | (0.246) | -0.152 | (0.308) | -0.416 | (0.427) | ||||||
| Immigrant (no Canadian education) | 0.814*** | (0.157) | 0.541* | (0.276) | 0.458* | (0.268) | 0.439 | (0.409) | ||||||
| Canadian experience (Canadian born) | 0.092*** | (0.005) | 0.092*** | (0.005) | 0.092*** | (0.005) | 0.071*** | (0.012) | ||||||
| Canadian experience squared / 100 (Canadian born) | -0.140*** | (0.008) | -0.141*** | (0.008) | -0.14*** | (0.008) | -0.134*** | (0.009) | ||||||
| Canadian experience (immigrant, Canadian education) | 0.076*** | (0.013) | 0.075*** | (0.012) | 0.076*** | (0.012) | 0.079*** | (0.013) | ||||||
| Canadian experience squared / 100 (immigrant, Canadian education) | -0.087*** | (0.029) | -0.085*** | (0.028) | -0.086*** | (0.028) | -0.089*** | (0.030) | ||||||
| Foreign experience (immigrant, Canadian education) | 0.004 | (0.016) | 0.006 | (0.015) | 0.004 | (0.015) | -0.027 | (0.025) | ||||||
| Foreign experience squared / 100 (immigrant, Canadian education) | 0.036 | (0.053) | 0.031 | (0.052) | 0.034 | (0.052) | 0.053 | (0.055) | ||||||
| Canadian experience (immigrant, no Canadian education ) | 0.049*** | (0.011) | 0.05*** | (0.011) | 0.05*** | (0.012) | 0.054*** | (0.012) | ||||||
| Canadian experience squared / 100 (immigrant, no Canadian education) | -0.091*** | (0.032) | -0.092*** | (0.032) | -0.092*** | (0.032) | -0.101*** | (0.033) | ||||||
| Foreign experience (immigrant, no Canadian education) | -0.01 | (0.009) | -0.01 | (0.008) | -0.01 | (0.009) | -0.041* | (0.021) | ||||||
| Foreign experience squared / 100 (immigrant, no Canadian education) | 0.014 | (0.020) | 0.016 | (0.020) | 0.016 | (0.019) | 0.036 | (0.025) | ||||||
| High school (Canadian born and immigrant, Canadian education) | 0.356*** | (0.087) | 0.363*** | (0.085) | 0.365*** | (0.085) | 0.393*** | (0.078) | ||||||
| Post-secondary non-university (Canadian born and immigrant, Canadian education) |
0.719*** | (0.076) | 0.730*** | (0.077) | 0.732*** | (0.077) | 0.774*** | (0.073) | ||||||
| University (Canadian born and immigrant, Canadian education) | 1.042*** | (0.084) | 1.050*** | (0.083) | 1.058*** | (0.086) | 1.124*** | (0.081) | ||||||
| Highschool (immigrant, no Canadian education) | 0.020 | (0.088) | -0.016 | (0.09) | -0.034 | (0.087) | -0.074 | (0.082) | ||||||
| Non-university post-secondary (immigrant, no Canadian education) | 0.207** | (0.098) | 0.152 | (0.101) | 0.125 | (0.100) | 0.082 | (0.093) | ||||||
| University (immigrant, no Canadian education) | 0.267*** | (0.084) | 0.194** | (0.090) | 0.158 | (0.093) | 0.147 | (0.099) | ||||||
| High school* Canadian experience (Canadian born and immigrant, Canadian education) |
-0.011*** | (0.003) | -0.011*** | (0.003) | -0.011*** | (0.003) | -0.012*** | (0.003) | ||||||
| Post-secondary non-university* Canadian experience (Canadian born and immigrant, Canadian education) |
-0.021*** | (0.003) | -0.021*** | (0.003) | -0.021*** | (0.003) | -0.023*** | (0.003) | ||||||
| University* Canadian experience (Canadian born and immigrant Canadian education) |
-0.026*** | (0.004) | -0.026*** | (0.004) | -0.026*** | (0.004) | -0.029*** | (0.004) | ||||||
| First language not English or French | -0.027 | (0.045) | -0.021 | (0.046) | -0.018 | (0.045) | -0.020 | (0.044) | ||||||
| United States or United Kingdom origin | 0.031 | (0.099) | -0.003 | (0.094) | -0.004 | (0.094) | 0.004 | (0.094) | ||||||
| European origin | 0.173** | (0.080) | 0.159* | (0.082) | 0.161* | (0.083) | 0.155* | (0.084) | ||||||
| Asian origin | -0.015 | (0.050) | -0.024 | (0.052) | -0.022 | (0.052) | -0.030 | (0.057) | ||||||
| Number of observations | 4,551 | … | 4,551 | … | 4,551 | … | 4,551 | … | ||||||
| R-squared | 0.450 | … | 0.450 | … | 0.450 | … | 0.450 | … | ||||||
|
* Coefficient significant at 10% significance level. ** Coefficient significant at 5% significance level. *** Coefficient significant at 1% significance level. 1. Allowing differing returns to skills between immigrants and Canadian-born. 2. Allowing differing returns to skill across Canadian-born, foreign- and Canadian-educated immigrants. 3. With interactions of average skill scores with education and experience. Note: Regressions include indicators for province of residence. |
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