Regional and urban profiles
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- Articles and reports: 21-006-X2023001Description:
This analysis is based on the Rural Canada Business Profiles (RCBP) which is a database built from business tax returns. With several breakdowns available along the theme of rural and urban areas, the RCBP version released by Statistics Canada on January 13, 2023, provides data for 2020. Future updates of the RCBP, expected to be produced on an annual basis, will add more recent years as fresh data become available. The RCBP could be a useful and timely analytical tool in efforts to gain insights on trends and transformations in the rural business environment just as the economy enters the post-pandemic period.
Release date: 2023-01-13 - Articles and reports: 21-006-X2022003Description:
This article presents a profile of small and medium businesses in rural Canada, comparing them to their urban counterparts. The reference period for the article is the three years beginning in 2017 and ending in 2019. The characteristics discussed are business counts and average and total annual revenues. These are presented by rural and urban area, size of business, i.e., small or medium, industry, and geographic location (Canada, regions, provinces and territories).This analysis is based on data from the Rural Canada Business Profiles (RCBP) dataset, whose first version, covering 2017 to 2019, inclusive, was released by Statistics Canada on February 4, 2022.
Release date: 2022-03-11 - Articles and reports: 21-006-X2022001Description:
This article analyzes the Canada Emergency Wage Subsidy Regional and Community-level Database from a rural business perspective. This database covers the period from January 17, 2021 to May 8, 2021. It is based on Canada Revenue Agency (CRA) Canada Emergency Wage Subsidy (CEWS) microdata and administrative data sources available within Statistics Canada. Topics include number of CEWS supported employees and subsidy amounts in rural areas, comparison of rural and urban businesses, and analysis by industry and province/territory.
Release date: 2022-03-09 - Articles and reports: 18-001-X2019002Description:
This study provides a broad understanding of the business environments in Indigenous communities - First Nations and Inuit - across Canada. These communities are typically located in rural low density or remote areas. The analysis profiles businesses located in Indigenous communities and compares them with businesses located in Non-Indigenous communities with similar population size parameters; hence, this analysis uses a geographic concept (i.e., the type of community) to connect the business dimension with the Indigenous dimension, as opposed to businesses whose ownership identifies as indigenous.
The profile is based on a set of straightforward business indicators, including business counts, entry and exit, age, revenue and profit indicators, which are tabulated by various classes of businesses defined for the study (industry groupings, employment size, revenue size, etc.). Some tables also feature province and territory geography. All business data are from Statistics Canada's Business Register (BR) January 2017 reference period. The 2011 Census geography is used as the January 2017 BR is based on that classification. The tables are presented by type of community. The results highlight both differences and similarities between the business environments of Indigenous communities and included Non-Indigenous communities.
Release date: 2019-08-28 - Articles and reports: 11F0019M2019009Description:
While the presence of provincial border effects—the relative weakness of inter-provincial trade compared to intra-provincial trade—is well established, it remains unclear what underlies them. Parsing out the sources of the border effect is important, because it provides policy makers with much more information on where to direct their efforts. This paper takes a step in this direction by asking whether part of the border effect can be attributed to how multi-unit firms organize their production within and across provincial borders. Networks of operating units controlled by the same enterprise lower the cost of trade by shipping goods between units as value is added through the production chain or via the use of common upstream and downstream supply chains. Higher costs of operating these networks in multiple provinces may act as a barrier to firm networks. By combining measures of regional trade and firm networks over a nine-year period (2004 to 2012), the study tests these propositions.
Release date: 2019-04-02 - Articles and reports: 11F0027M2014092Geography: Province or territoryDescription:
Using data from the Provincial KLEMS database, this paper asks whether provincial economies have undergone structural change in their business sectors since 2000. It does so by applying a measure of industrial change (the dissimilarity index) using measures of output (real GDP) and hours worked. The paper also develops a statistical methodology to test whether the shifts in the industrial composition of output and hours worked over the period are due to random year-over-year changes in industrial structure or long-term systematic change in the structure of provincial economies. The paper is designed to inform discussion and analysis of recent changes in industrial composition at the national level, notably, the decline in manufacturing output and the concomitant rise of resource industries, and the implications of this change for provincial economies.
Release date: 2014-05-07 - Articles and reports: 21-006-X2008003Geography: CanadaDescription:
Using Statistics Canada's Business Register, this paper investigates the pattern of business establishments in each of the different census metropolitan and census agglomeration influenced zones across rural Canada.
Release date: 2010-01-06 - Articles and reports: 11-622-M2008019Geography: CanadaDescription:
University degree holders in large cities are more prevalent and are growing at a more rapid pace than in smaller cities and rural areas. This relatively high rate of growth stems from net migratory flows and/or higher rates of degree attainment in cities. Using data from the 1996 and 2001 Censuses, this paper tests the relative importance of these two sources of human capital growth by decomposing degree-holder growth across cities into net migratory flows (domestic and foreign) and in situ growth: that is, growth resulting from higher rates of degree attainment among the resident populations of cities. We find that both sources are important, with in situ growth being the more dominant force. Hence, it is less the ability of cities to attract human capital than their ability to generate it that underlies the high rates of degree attainment we observe across city populations.
Release date: 2008-06-02 - Articles and reports: 11F0027M2008049Geography: CanadaDescription:
Productivity and wages tend to be higher in cities. This is typically explained by agglomeration economies, which increase the returns associated with urban locations. Competing arguments of specialization and diversity undergird these claims. Empirical research has long sought to confirm the existence of agglomeration economies and to adjudicate between the models of Marshall, Arrow and Romer (MAR) that suggest the benefits of proximity are largely confined to individual industries, and the claims of Jacobs (1969) that such benefits derive from a general increase in the density of economic activity in a particular place and are shared by all occupants of that location. The primary goal of this paper is to identify the main sources of urban increasing returns, after Marshall (1920). A secondary goal is to examine the geographical distance across which externalities flow between businesses in the same industry. We bring to bear on these questions plant-level data organized in the form of a panel across the years 1989 and 1999. The panel data overcome selection bias resulting from unobserved plant-level heterogeneity that is constant over time. Plant-level production functions are estimated across the Canadian manufacturing sector as a whole and for five broad industry groups, each characterized by the nature of their output. Results provide strong support for Marshall's (1920) claims about the importance of buyer-supplier networks, labour market pooling and spillovers. The data show spillovers enhance plant productivity within industries rather than between them and that these spillovers tend to be more spatially extensive than previous studies have found.
Release date: 2008-02-05 - 10. Cities and Growth: Knowledge Spillovers in the Adoption of Advanced Manufacturing Technologies ArchivedArticles and reports: 11-622-M2008018Geography: CanadaDescription:
This paper examines the presence of knowledge spillovers that affect the adoption of advanced technologies in the Canadian manufacturing sector. It examines whether plants that adopt advanced technologies are more likely to do so when there are other nearby plants that do so within a model of technology adoption.
Release date: 2008-02-05
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Analysis (29)
Analysis (29) (0 to 10 of 29 results)
- Articles and reports: 21-006-X2023001Description:
This analysis is based on the Rural Canada Business Profiles (RCBP) which is a database built from business tax returns. With several breakdowns available along the theme of rural and urban areas, the RCBP version released by Statistics Canada on January 13, 2023, provides data for 2020. Future updates of the RCBP, expected to be produced on an annual basis, will add more recent years as fresh data become available. The RCBP could be a useful and timely analytical tool in efforts to gain insights on trends and transformations in the rural business environment just as the economy enters the post-pandemic period.
Release date: 2023-01-13 - Articles and reports: 21-006-X2022003Description:
This article presents a profile of small and medium businesses in rural Canada, comparing them to their urban counterparts. The reference period for the article is the three years beginning in 2017 and ending in 2019. The characteristics discussed are business counts and average and total annual revenues. These are presented by rural and urban area, size of business, i.e., small or medium, industry, and geographic location (Canada, regions, provinces and territories).This analysis is based on data from the Rural Canada Business Profiles (RCBP) dataset, whose first version, covering 2017 to 2019, inclusive, was released by Statistics Canada on February 4, 2022.
Release date: 2022-03-11 - Articles and reports: 21-006-X2022001Description:
This article analyzes the Canada Emergency Wage Subsidy Regional and Community-level Database from a rural business perspective. This database covers the period from January 17, 2021 to May 8, 2021. It is based on Canada Revenue Agency (CRA) Canada Emergency Wage Subsidy (CEWS) microdata and administrative data sources available within Statistics Canada. Topics include number of CEWS supported employees and subsidy amounts in rural areas, comparison of rural and urban businesses, and analysis by industry and province/territory.
Release date: 2022-03-09 - Articles and reports: 18-001-X2019002Description:
This study provides a broad understanding of the business environments in Indigenous communities - First Nations and Inuit - across Canada. These communities are typically located in rural low density or remote areas. The analysis profiles businesses located in Indigenous communities and compares them with businesses located in Non-Indigenous communities with similar population size parameters; hence, this analysis uses a geographic concept (i.e., the type of community) to connect the business dimension with the Indigenous dimension, as opposed to businesses whose ownership identifies as indigenous.
The profile is based on a set of straightforward business indicators, including business counts, entry and exit, age, revenue and profit indicators, which are tabulated by various classes of businesses defined for the study (industry groupings, employment size, revenue size, etc.). Some tables also feature province and territory geography. All business data are from Statistics Canada's Business Register (BR) January 2017 reference period. The 2011 Census geography is used as the January 2017 BR is based on that classification. The tables are presented by type of community. The results highlight both differences and similarities between the business environments of Indigenous communities and included Non-Indigenous communities.
Release date: 2019-08-28 - Articles and reports: 11F0019M2019009Description:
While the presence of provincial border effects—the relative weakness of inter-provincial trade compared to intra-provincial trade—is well established, it remains unclear what underlies them. Parsing out the sources of the border effect is important, because it provides policy makers with much more information on where to direct their efforts. This paper takes a step in this direction by asking whether part of the border effect can be attributed to how multi-unit firms organize their production within and across provincial borders. Networks of operating units controlled by the same enterprise lower the cost of trade by shipping goods between units as value is added through the production chain or via the use of common upstream and downstream supply chains. Higher costs of operating these networks in multiple provinces may act as a barrier to firm networks. By combining measures of regional trade and firm networks over a nine-year period (2004 to 2012), the study tests these propositions.
Release date: 2019-04-02 - Articles and reports: 11F0027M2014092Geography: Province or territoryDescription:
Using data from the Provincial KLEMS database, this paper asks whether provincial economies have undergone structural change in their business sectors since 2000. It does so by applying a measure of industrial change (the dissimilarity index) using measures of output (real GDP) and hours worked. The paper also develops a statistical methodology to test whether the shifts in the industrial composition of output and hours worked over the period are due to random year-over-year changes in industrial structure or long-term systematic change in the structure of provincial economies. The paper is designed to inform discussion and analysis of recent changes in industrial composition at the national level, notably, the decline in manufacturing output and the concomitant rise of resource industries, and the implications of this change for provincial economies.
Release date: 2014-05-07 - Articles and reports: 21-006-X2008003Geography: CanadaDescription:
Using Statistics Canada's Business Register, this paper investigates the pattern of business establishments in each of the different census metropolitan and census agglomeration influenced zones across rural Canada.
Release date: 2010-01-06 - Articles and reports: 11-622-M2008019Geography: CanadaDescription:
University degree holders in large cities are more prevalent and are growing at a more rapid pace than in smaller cities and rural areas. This relatively high rate of growth stems from net migratory flows and/or higher rates of degree attainment in cities. Using data from the 1996 and 2001 Censuses, this paper tests the relative importance of these two sources of human capital growth by decomposing degree-holder growth across cities into net migratory flows (domestic and foreign) and in situ growth: that is, growth resulting from higher rates of degree attainment among the resident populations of cities. We find that both sources are important, with in situ growth being the more dominant force. Hence, it is less the ability of cities to attract human capital than their ability to generate it that underlies the high rates of degree attainment we observe across city populations.
Release date: 2008-06-02 - Articles and reports: 11F0027M2008049Geography: CanadaDescription:
Productivity and wages tend to be higher in cities. This is typically explained by agglomeration economies, which increase the returns associated with urban locations. Competing arguments of specialization and diversity undergird these claims. Empirical research has long sought to confirm the existence of agglomeration economies and to adjudicate between the models of Marshall, Arrow and Romer (MAR) that suggest the benefits of proximity are largely confined to individual industries, and the claims of Jacobs (1969) that such benefits derive from a general increase in the density of economic activity in a particular place and are shared by all occupants of that location. The primary goal of this paper is to identify the main sources of urban increasing returns, after Marshall (1920). A secondary goal is to examine the geographical distance across which externalities flow between businesses in the same industry. We bring to bear on these questions plant-level data organized in the form of a panel across the years 1989 and 1999. The panel data overcome selection bias resulting from unobserved plant-level heterogeneity that is constant over time. Plant-level production functions are estimated across the Canadian manufacturing sector as a whole and for five broad industry groups, each characterized by the nature of their output. Results provide strong support for Marshall's (1920) claims about the importance of buyer-supplier networks, labour market pooling and spillovers. The data show spillovers enhance plant productivity within industries rather than between them and that these spillovers tend to be more spatially extensive than previous studies have found.
Release date: 2008-02-05 - 10. Cities and Growth: Knowledge Spillovers in the Adoption of Advanced Manufacturing Technologies ArchivedArticles and reports: 11-622-M2008018Geography: CanadaDescription:
This paper examines the presence of knowledge spillovers that affect the adoption of advanced technologies in the Canadian manufacturing sector. It examines whether plants that adopt advanced technologies are more likely to do so when there are other nearby plants that do so within a model of technology adoption.
Release date: 2008-02-05
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