Educational attainment and qualifications

All (6) ((6 results))

• 1. The Influence of Education on Civic Engagement: Differences Across Canada's Rural-Urban Spectrum Archived

  Articles and reports: 21-006-X2006001

  Geography: Canada

  Description:

  This study presents the first detailed assessment of how the education level/civic engagement nexus is influenced by the rural/urban setting.

  Release date: 2006-07-17

  ---

• 2. Educational Outcomes at Age 19 Associated with Reading Ability at Age 15 Archived

  Articles and reports: 81-595-M2006043

  Geography: Canada

  Description:

  This paper examines educational outcome at age 19 associated with reading ability at age 15. Does ability in reading at age 15 have an impact on subsequent high school completion and postsecondary participation? Are different postsecondary opportunities realized by those with varying reading ability levels?

  This paper investigates these questions using Canadian data from the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) and the Youth in Transition Survey (YITS). It is not the intent of this paper to explore the complex pathways and processes associated with dropping out of high school or pursuing postsecondary participation. Rather, by examining only the direct pathways between reading literacy at age 15 and education outcomes at 19, this paper provides a general overview and first glance at the nature of this relationship.

  Release date: 2006-06-07

  ---

• 3. Human Capital and Canadian Provincial Standards of Living Archived

  Articles and reports: 89-552-M2006014

  Geography: Canada

  Description:

  This paper examines the role of human capital accumulation in explaining the relative levels of income per capita across Canadian provinces. We use principally two different types of human capital indicators based respectively on university attainment and literacy test scores. A synthetic time series of the average literacy level of labour market entrants for each period between 1951 and 2001 is constructed from the demographic profile of literacy test scores taken from the 2003 Adult Literacy and Lifeskills Survey. The percentage of the working-age population holding a university degree is available since 1951 from the census figures. Our main results are the following. First, both human capital indicators are strong predictors of the relative levels of per capita income (minus government transfers) across provinces, along with the relative rates of urbanization and specific shocks in Alberta and Quebec. Second, the skills acquired by one extra year of schooling result in an increase in per capita income of around 7.3 percent. Third, we find that our literacy indicator does not outperform the university attainment indicator. This contrasts sharply with our recent result found at the cross-country level (Coulombe, Tremblay, and Marchand [2004]) and suggests substantial measurement error in cross-country schooling data. Fourth, by focusing on regional economies that have similar levels of social infrastructure and social development, our analysis provides potentially more reliable estimates of the contribution of human capital accumulation to relative living standards.

  Release date: 2006-04-05

  ---

• 4. The Importance of Functional Literacy: Reading and Math Skills and Labour Market Outcomes of High School Drop-outs Archived

  Articles and reports: 11F0019M2006275

  Geography: Canada

  Description:

  This study assesses the effects of literacy and numeracy skills on the labour market outcomes of Canadian high school drop-outs. We find that these skills have significant effects on the probability of being employed and on hours and weeks of work for both men and women, and also have strong (direct) influences on men's, but not women's, incomes. These findings imply that high school curricula that develop literacy and numeracy skills could provide significant returns even for those who do not complete their programs and wind up at the lower end of the labour market. Our findings similarly suggest that training programs catering to drop-outs could substantially improve these individuals' labour market outcomes by developing these basic skills. The results also have implications for dual labour market theory, since it is often assumed that the secondary market is characterized by minimal returns to human capital'contrary to what is found here.

  Release date: 2006-03-27

  ---

• 5. Participation in Adult Schooling and Its Earnings Impact in Canada Archived

  Articles and reports: 11F0019M2006276

  Geography: Canada

  Description:

  Based on a sample drawn from Statistics Canada's Survey of Labour and Income Dynamics (SLID: 1993 to 1998 and 1996 to 2001), the study finds that young (17 to 34 years old) and single workers were more likely than older (35 to 59 years old) and married and divorced workers to participate in adult schooling and to obtain a post-secondary certificate. Workers with less than a high school education who might have the greatest need to increase their human capital investment were less likely to participate in adult education than workers with high school or more education.

  The study shows that male workers who obtained a post-secondary certificate while staying with the same employer generally registered higher wage and earnings gains than their counterparts who did not go back to school, regardless of age and initial level of education. On the other hand, men who obtained a certificate and switched jobs generally realized no significant return to their additional education, with the exception of young men (17 to 34 years old) who would receive significant returns to a certificate, whether they switched employer or stayed with the same employer.

  Obtaining a certificate generated significant wage and earnings returns for older women (aged 35 to 59) who stayed with the same employer, and significant wage returns for young women who switched employers.

  Release date: 2006-03-24

  ---

• 6. Summary Of: Participation in Adult Schooling and Its Earnings Impact in Canada Archived

  Articles and reports: 11F0019M2006277

  Geography: Canada

  Description:

  This article summarizes findings from the research paper entitled: The Participation in Adult Schooling and its Earnings Impact in Canada.

  Based on a sample drawn from Statistics Canada's Survey of Labour and Income Dynamics (SLID: 1993 to 1998 and 1996 to 2001), the study finds that young (17 to 34 years old) and single workers were more likely than older (35 to 59 years old) and married and divorced workers to participate in adult schooling and to obtain a post-secondary certificate. Workers with less than a high school education who might have the greatest need to increase their human capital investment were less likely to participate in adult education than workers with high school or more education.

  The study shows that male workers who obtained a post-secondary certificate while staying with the same employer generally registered higher wage and earnings gains than their counterparts who did not go back to school, regardless of age and initial level of education. On the other hand, men who obtained a certificate and switched jobs generally realized no significant return to their additional education, with the exception of young men (17 to 34 years old) who would receive significant returns to a certificate, whether they switched employer or stayed with the same employer.

  Obtaining a certificate generated significant wage and earnings returns for older women (aged 35 to 59) who stayed with the same employer, and significant wage returns for young women who switched employers.

  Release date: 2006-03-24

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Analysis (6) ((6 results))

• 1. The Influence of Education on Civic Engagement: Differences Across Canada's Rural-Urban Spectrum Archived

  Articles and reports: 21-006-X2006001

  Geography: Canada

  Description:

  This study presents the first detailed assessment of how the education level/civic engagement nexus is influenced by the rural/urban setting.

  Release date: 2006-07-17

  ---

• 2. Educational Outcomes at Age 19 Associated with Reading Ability at Age 15 Archived

  Articles and reports: 81-595-M2006043

  Geography: Canada

  Description:

  This paper examines educational outcome at age 19 associated with reading ability at age 15. Does ability in reading at age 15 have an impact on subsequent high school completion and postsecondary participation? Are different postsecondary opportunities realized by those with varying reading ability levels?

  This paper investigates these questions using Canadian data from the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) and the Youth in Transition Survey (YITS). It is not the intent of this paper to explore the complex pathways and processes associated with dropping out of high school or pursuing postsecondary participation. Rather, by examining only the direct pathways between reading literacy at age 15 and education outcomes at 19, this paper provides a general overview and first glance at the nature of this relationship.

  Release date: 2006-06-07

  ---

• 3. Human Capital and Canadian Provincial Standards of Living Archived

  Articles and reports: 89-552-M2006014

  Geography: Canada

  Description:

  This paper examines the role of human capital accumulation in explaining the relative levels of income per capita across Canadian provinces. We use principally two different types of human capital indicators based respectively on university attainment and literacy test scores. A synthetic time series of the average literacy level of labour market entrants for each period between 1951 and 2001 is constructed from the demographic profile of literacy test scores taken from the 2003 Adult Literacy and Lifeskills Survey. The percentage of the working-age population holding a university degree is available since 1951 from the census figures. Our main results are the following. First, both human capital indicators are strong predictors of the relative levels of per capita income (minus government transfers) across provinces, along with the relative rates of urbanization and specific shocks in Alberta and Quebec. Second, the skills acquired by one extra year of schooling result in an increase in per capita income of around 7.3 percent. Third, we find that our literacy indicator does not outperform the university attainment indicator. This contrasts sharply with our recent result found at the cross-country level (Coulombe, Tremblay, and Marchand [2004]) and suggests substantial measurement error in cross-country schooling data. Fourth, by focusing on regional economies that have similar levels of social infrastructure and social development, our analysis provides potentially more reliable estimates of the contribution of human capital accumulation to relative living standards.

  Release date: 2006-04-05

  ---

• 4. The Importance of Functional Literacy: Reading and Math Skills and Labour Market Outcomes of High School Drop-outs Archived

  Articles and reports: 11F0019M2006275

  Geography: Canada

  Description:

  This study assesses the effects of literacy and numeracy skills on the labour market outcomes of Canadian high school drop-outs. We find that these skills have significant effects on the probability of being employed and on hours and weeks of work for both men and women, and also have strong (direct) influences on men's, but not women's, incomes. These findings imply that high school curricula that develop literacy and numeracy skills could provide significant returns even for those who do not complete their programs and wind up at the lower end of the labour market. Our findings similarly suggest that training programs catering to drop-outs could substantially improve these individuals' labour market outcomes by developing these basic skills. The results also have implications for dual labour market theory, since it is often assumed that the secondary market is characterized by minimal returns to human capital'contrary to what is found here.

  Release date: 2006-03-27

  ---

• 5. Participation in Adult Schooling and Its Earnings Impact in Canada Archived

  Articles and reports: 11F0019M2006276

  Geography: Canada

  Description:

  Based on a sample drawn from Statistics Canada's Survey of Labour and Income Dynamics (SLID: 1993 to 1998 and 1996 to 2001), the study finds that young (17 to 34 years old) and single workers were more likely than older (35 to 59 years old) and married and divorced workers to participate in adult schooling and to obtain a post-secondary certificate. Workers with less than a high school education who might have the greatest need to increase their human capital investment were less likely to participate in adult education than workers with high school or more education.

  The study shows that male workers who obtained a post-secondary certificate while staying with the same employer generally registered higher wage and earnings gains than their counterparts who did not go back to school, regardless of age and initial level of education. On the other hand, men who obtained a certificate and switched jobs generally realized no significant return to their additional education, with the exception of young men (17 to 34 years old) who would receive significant returns to a certificate, whether they switched employer or stayed with the same employer.

  Obtaining a certificate generated significant wage and earnings returns for older women (aged 35 to 59) who stayed with the same employer, and significant wage returns for young women who switched employers.

  Release date: 2006-03-24

  ---

• 6. Summary Of: Participation in Adult Schooling and Its Earnings Impact in Canada Archived

  Articles and reports: 11F0019M2006277

  Geography: Canada

  Description:

  This article summarizes findings from the research paper entitled: The Participation in Adult Schooling and its Earnings Impact in Canada.

  Based on a sample drawn from Statistics Canada's Survey of Labour and Income Dynamics (SLID: 1993 to 1998 and 1996 to 2001), the study finds that young (17 to 34 years old) and single workers were more likely than older (35 to 59 years old) and married and divorced workers to participate in adult schooling and to obtain a post-secondary certificate. Workers with less than a high school education who might have the greatest need to increase their human capital investment were less likely to participate in adult education than workers with high school or more education.

  The study shows that male workers who obtained a post-secondary certificate while staying with the same employer generally registered higher wage and earnings gains than their counterparts who did not go back to school, regardless of age and initial level of education. On the other hand, men who obtained a certificate and switched jobs generally realized no significant return to their additional education, with the exception of young men (17 to 34 years old) who would receive significant returns to a certificate, whether they switched employer or stayed with the same employer.

  Obtaining a certificate generated significant wage and earnings returns for older women (aged 35 to 59) who stayed with the same employer, and significant wage returns for young women who switched employers.

  Release date: 2006-03-24

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