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  • Articles and reports: 75-006-X201900100015
    Description:

    Previous research has suggested that skills acquired at a young age, such as reading or math skills, may have an impact on the early labour market outcomes of individuals. In this study, tax data linked to the Youth in Transition Survey (YITS) and the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) are used to examine the association between background factors at age 15 (including reading proficiency) and employment earnings in young adulthood for a cohort of respondents who were aged 15 in 2000.

    Release date: 2019-10-17

  • Articles and reports: 12-001-X201000111243
    Description:

    The 2003 National Assessment of Adult Literacy (NAAL) and the international Adult Literacy and Lifeskills (ALL) surveys each involved stratified multi-stage area sample designs. During the last stage, a household roster was constructed, the eligibility status of each individual was determined, and the selection procedure was invoked to randomly select one or two eligible persons within the household. The objective of this paper is to evaluate the within-household selection rules under a multi-stage design while improving the procedure in future literacy surveys. The analysis is based on the current US household size distribution and intracluster correlation coefficients using the adult literacy data. In our evaluation, several feasible household selection rules are studied, considering effects from clustering, differential sampling rates, cost per interview, and household burden. In doing so, an evaluation of within-household sampling under a two-stage design is extended to a four-stage design and some generalizations are made to multi-stage samples with different cost ratios.

    Release date: 2010-06-29

  • Articles and reports: 89-552-M2008020
    Geography: Canada
    Description:

    Considerable research effort has been devoted to understanding earnings differences between immigrant and Canadian-born workers. Previous studies have established that immigrants typically earn less than Canadian-born workers with the same amount of education and work experience. The low earnings of immigrants are often attributed to the specificity of human capital to the country where it originates - in other words, education or work experience in the country of origin cannot be directly transferred to the host country, resulting in well qualified immigrants holding low paying jobs. Another possibility is that employers in the host country discriminate against immigrants. This paper uses data from the Canadian component of the International Adult Literacy and Skills Survey (IALSS), which includes both standard demographic and labour market information for the Canadian born and immigrants and results from tests of literacy, numeracy and problem-solving skills, to investigate these issues. Interpreting the test scores as direct measurements of cognitive skills, the authors provide a closer examination of explanations for low immigrant earnings than has previously been possible. In addition, the data include more precise information on where education was obtained and age of migration than is available in most previous studies, further enabling scrutiny of immigrant-Canadian born earnings differentials.

    Release date: 2008-07-21

  • Articles and reports: 89-552-M2007018
    Geography: Canada
    Description:

    This study examines the distribution of literacy skills in the Canadian economy and the ways in which they are generated. In large part, the generation of literacy skills has to do with formal schooling and parental inputs into their children's education. The nature of literacy generation in the years after individuals have left formal schooling and are in the labour market is also investigated. Once the core facts about literacy in the economy have been established, the study turns to examining the impact of increased literacy on individual earnings. Both the causal impact of literacy on earnings and the joint distribution of literacy and income are explored. The authors argue that the latter provides a more complete measure of how well an individual is able to function in society.

    The study focuses mainly on data from the Canadian component of the 2003 International Adult Literacy and Skills Survey (IALSS), composed of a sample of over 22,000 respondents. The Canadian component of the 1994 International Adult Literacy Survey (IALS) is also used in order to obtain a more complete picture of how literacy changes with age and across birth cohorts.

    Release date: 2007-11-30

  • Articles and reports: 89-552-M2007017
    Geography: Canada
    Description:

    This study provides comparative estimates of participation in adult education and training courses and programmes, duration of studies, engagement in informal learning and sources of direct financial support, based on results of the 2003 International Adult Literacy and Skills Survey (IALSS), the Canadian component of the Adult Literacy and Life Skills study. It also examines levels of inequality in adult learning and reasons for participating in adult education and training, including the role of labour force status and job and workplace characteristics. Finally, it presents a review of the relationship between actual skill use and participation in both organized and informal forms of adult learning. Comparisons are made between Canadian provinces and territories and three selected countries, namely Norway, Switzerland and the United States.

    Release date: 2007-10-12

  • Articles and reports: 89-552-M2004012
    Geography: Canada
    Description:

    This monograph series features detailed studies from the International Adult Literacy Survey (IALS) database by Canadian and U.S. literacy scholars and experts. Monographs focus on current policy issues and cover topics such as adult training, literacy skill match and mismatch in the workplace, seniors' literacy skills and health as well as literacy and economic security.

    Release date: 2004-09-07

  • Articles and reports: 81-003-X20010016030
    Geography: Canada
    Description:

    This article, the first of three, gives an overview of this study of the determinants of elementary and high school mathematics and science performance, the economic returns of adult literacy, and the diffusion of science and technology (S&T) graduates into the work force.

    Release date: 2001-12-19

  • Articles and reports: 89-552-M2001008
    Geography: Canada
    Description:

    This study investigates the relationship between labour market success and literacy skills, specifically prose literacy, document literacy and quantitative literacy or numeracy. It focuses on the relationship between literacy and annual, weekly and hourly earnings.

    Release date: 2001-03-19

  • Articles and reports: 89-552-M1998005
    Geography: Canada
    Description:

    This report presents evidence that literacy is an overlooked socio-economic factor that is an important determinant of health among senior citizens.

    Release date: 1998-11-19
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  • Articles and reports: 75-006-X201900100015
    Description:

    Previous research has suggested that skills acquired at a young age, such as reading or math skills, may have an impact on the early labour market outcomes of individuals. In this study, tax data linked to the Youth in Transition Survey (YITS) and the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) are used to examine the association between background factors at age 15 (including reading proficiency) and employment earnings in young adulthood for a cohort of respondents who were aged 15 in 2000.

    Release date: 2019-10-17

  • Articles and reports: 12-001-X201000111243
    Description:

    The 2003 National Assessment of Adult Literacy (NAAL) and the international Adult Literacy and Lifeskills (ALL) surveys each involved stratified multi-stage area sample designs. During the last stage, a household roster was constructed, the eligibility status of each individual was determined, and the selection procedure was invoked to randomly select one or two eligible persons within the household. The objective of this paper is to evaluate the within-household selection rules under a multi-stage design while improving the procedure in future literacy surveys. The analysis is based on the current US household size distribution and intracluster correlation coefficients using the adult literacy data. In our evaluation, several feasible household selection rules are studied, considering effects from clustering, differential sampling rates, cost per interview, and household burden. In doing so, an evaluation of within-household sampling under a two-stage design is extended to a four-stage design and some generalizations are made to multi-stage samples with different cost ratios.

    Release date: 2010-06-29

  • Articles and reports: 89-552-M2008020
    Geography: Canada
    Description:

    Considerable research effort has been devoted to understanding earnings differences between immigrant and Canadian-born workers. Previous studies have established that immigrants typically earn less than Canadian-born workers with the same amount of education and work experience. The low earnings of immigrants are often attributed to the specificity of human capital to the country where it originates - in other words, education or work experience in the country of origin cannot be directly transferred to the host country, resulting in well qualified immigrants holding low paying jobs. Another possibility is that employers in the host country discriminate against immigrants. This paper uses data from the Canadian component of the International Adult Literacy and Skills Survey (IALSS), which includes both standard demographic and labour market information for the Canadian born and immigrants and results from tests of literacy, numeracy and problem-solving skills, to investigate these issues. Interpreting the test scores as direct measurements of cognitive skills, the authors provide a closer examination of explanations for low immigrant earnings than has previously been possible. In addition, the data include more precise information on where education was obtained and age of migration than is available in most previous studies, further enabling scrutiny of immigrant-Canadian born earnings differentials.

    Release date: 2008-07-21

  • Articles and reports: 89-552-M2007018
    Geography: Canada
    Description:

    This study examines the distribution of literacy skills in the Canadian economy and the ways in which they are generated. In large part, the generation of literacy skills has to do with formal schooling and parental inputs into their children's education. The nature of literacy generation in the years after individuals have left formal schooling and are in the labour market is also investigated. Once the core facts about literacy in the economy have been established, the study turns to examining the impact of increased literacy on individual earnings. Both the causal impact of literacy on earnings and the joint distribution of literacy and income are explored. The authors argue that the latter provides a more complete measure of how well an individual is able to function in society.

    The study focuses mainly on data from the Canadian component of the 2003 International Adult Literacy and Skills Survey (IALSS), composed of a sample of over 22,000 respondents. The Canadian component of the 1994 International Adult Literacy Survey (IALS) is also used in order to obtain a more complete picture of how literacy changes with age and across birth cohorts.

    Release date: 2007-11-30

  • Articles and reports: 89-552-M2007017
    Geography: Canada
    Description:

    This study provides comparative estimates of participation in adult education and training courses and programmes, duration of studies, engagement in informal learning and sources of direct financial support, based on results of the 2003 International Adult Literacy and Skills Survey (IALSS), the Canadian component of the Adult Literacy and Life Skills study. It also examines levels of inequality in adult learning and reasons for participating in adult education and training, including the role of labour force status and job and workplace characteristics. Finally, it presents a review of the relationship between actual skill use and participation in both organized and informal forms of adult learning. Comparisons are made between Canadian provinces and territories and three selected countries, namely Norway, Switzerland and the United States.

    Release date: 2007-10-12

  • Articles and reports: 89-552-M2004012
    Geography: Canada
    Description:

    This monograph series features detailed studies from the International Adult Literacy Survey (IALS) database by Canadian and U.S. literacy scholars and experts. Monographs focus on current policy issues and cover topics such as adult training, literacy skill match and mismatch in the workplace, seniors' literacy skills and health as well as literacy and economic security.

    Release date: 2004-09-07

  • Articles and reports: 81-003-X20010016030
    Geography: Canada
    Description:

    This article, the first of three, gives an overview of this study of the determinants of elementary and high school mathematics and science performance, the economic returns of adult literacy, and the diffusion of science and technology (S&T) graduates into the work force.

    Release date: 2001-12-19

  • Articles and reports: 89-552-M2001008
    Geography: Canada
    Description:

    This study investigates the relationship between labour market success and literacy skills, specifically prose literacy, document literacy and quantitative literacy or numeracy. It focuses on the relationship between literacy and annual, weekly and hourly earnings.

    Release date: 2001-03-19

  • Articles and reports: 89-552-M1998005
    Geography: Canada
    Description:

    This report presents evidence that literacy is an overlooked socio-economic factor that is an important determinant of health among senior citizens.

    Release date: 1998-11-19
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