Immigrants and non-permanent residents
Key indicators
Selected geographical area: Canada
-
40,769,8900.6%
(quarterly change) -
Percentage of adults aged 25 to 64 with a college or university credential - Canada
(2021 Census of Population)57.5%
More immigrants and non-permanent residents indicators
Selected geographical area: Canada
-
Percentage of adults aged 25 to 64 with a bachelor’s degree or higher - Canada
(2021 Census of Population)32.9% -
Percentage point change in adults aged 25 to 64 with a bachelor’s degree or higher - Canada
(2016 to 2021)4.3
(period-to-period change) -
Overqualification rate of immigrants aged 25 to 64 with a degree completed outside Canada - Canada
(2021 Census of Population)25.8% -
21.9
-
17.7
-
22.3
-
1,212,075
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- Longitudinal Immigration Database (5)
- Canadian Employer-Employee Dynamics Database (3)
- Census of Population (2)
- Survey on Financing and Growth of Small and Medium Enterprises (1)
- Canadian Community Health Survey - Annual Component (1)
- Survey of Labour and Income Dynamics (1)
- Longitudinal Survey of Immigrants to Canada (1)
- General Social Survey - Victimization (1)
- National Household Survey (1)
Results
All (64)
All (64) (0 to 10 of 64 results)
- Articles and reports: 36-28-0001202400300002Description: A key component of Canada’s immigration program is to promote the balanced geographic distribution of immigrants and refugees across Canada. This study asks whether there were significant differences in the economic outcomes of government assisted refugees (GARs), based on the size of the city to which they were designated. The analysis was conducted for both those remaining in the designated cities (stayers) and those moving to other locations (movers).Release date: 2024-03-27
- Articles and reports: 36-28-0001202400300003Description: In recent years, more economic immigrants entered Canada via the Provincial Nominee Program (PNP) than through any other immigration program. This article examines differences among provinces in the growth and importance of the PNP and the characteristics of provincial nominees and is part of a series examining various aspects of the PNP. The series discusses the expansion of the program, differences among provinces, provincial retention rates, trends in earnings and the occupations of provincial nominees, both nationally and provincially.Release date: 2024-03-27
- Articles and reports: 36-28-0001202400300006Description: Research generally supports the idea that technological change has favoured the demand for workers in occupations requiring higher levels of education and skills and negatively affected employment in occupations requiring lower skill levels. This article assesses the changes over the past two decades in the occupational skill level of employment in Canada, with a focus on the role of immigration in the changing occupational structure.Release date: 2024-03-27
- Articles and reports: 36-28-0001202400100006Description: Since the early 2000s, the two-step immigration selection process, through which economic immigrants are chosen from the pool of temporary foreign workers, has expanded rapidly. This article compares earnings of one-step and two-step economic immigrants from the year of arrival, with a focus on the comparison within major admission classes. It further examines whether the results of the comparison have changed across arrival cohorts from the 2000s to the 2010s.Release date: 2024-01-24
- Articles and reports: 36-28-0001202301200004Description: The actual earnings of provincial nominees and their relative earnings (to those of other economic immigrants) are important indicators of the ability of the Provincial Nominee Program to meet provincial labour market needs. This article updates national-level research on the earnings patterns of provincial nominees and, for the first time, provides provincial comparisons.Release date: 2023-12-21
- Articles and reports: 36-28-0001202301100002Description: The Provincial Nominee Program (PNP) is designed to contribute to a more equitable distribution of new immigrants across Canada. A related objective is the retention and integration of provincial nominees in the nominating province or territory. This article is the second in a series that examines the characteristics and labour market outcomes of PNP immigrants and examines the retention of PNP immigrants at both the national and provincial or territorial levels. The analysis uses data from the Immigrant Landing File and tax records, along with three indicators of retention, to measure the propensity of a province or territory to retain immigrants.Release date: 2023-11-22
- 7. The effect of parents’ education and income on the educational attainment of childhood immigrantsArticles and reports: 36-28-0001202300900002Description: Many immigrants move to countries such as Canada in part to provide better educational and economic opportunities for their children. For its part, Canada also looks to immigrants and their children to provide higher-level skills to the labour market. This paper examines the effect of the mother’s and father’s education on the likelihood of a childhood immigrant who arrived in Canada at age 17 or younger, completing postsecondary education. The paper further determines whether there is significant variation in these relationships among immigrants from different source regions.Release date: 2023-09-27
- Articles and reports: 36-28-0001202300800004Description: Labour shortages in health care professions have become a pressing issue across many Canadian jurisdictions and were especially exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic. To help address these shortages, federal, provincial and territorial governments have implemented measures to facilitate the entry of skilled immigrants with health care qualifications into their respective professions, among other government actions to strengthen the health workforce. However, comprehensive data on the numbers, sociodemographic characteristics and labour market outcomes of internationally educated health professionals (IEHPs) remain scarce. This article provides estimates of the number of IEHPs in Canada based on 2021 Census data.Release date: 2023-08-23
- Articles and reports: 36-28-0001202300700004Description: The Provincial Nominee Program (PNP) was introduced in all provinces, excluding Quebec, and most territories in Canada between 1998 and 2009. Its primary goal was to increase the settlement of economic immigrants outside major Canadian cities and to address the workforce needs of employers, as perceived by the province or territory. This article focuses on the expansion of the PNP in Canada and is part of a series that examines the characteristics and labour market outcomes of PNP immigrants.Release date: 2023-07-26
- Articles and reports: 36-28-0001202300500003Description: The selection of highly educated immigrants is based in part on the premise that they can better adapt to the labour market and will have, on average, better economic outcomes than less-educated immigrants. Earlier research indicates that this is the case. However, some university-educated immigrants have a slow start in the initial years after immigration. Little Canadian research has considered whether these immigrants eventually catch up with similarly educated immigrants who have early economic success. Likewise, it is unknown whether they outperform less-educated immigrants. Using the Longitudinal Immigration Database, this study looks at the long-term economic outcomes of university-educated economic principal applicant immigrants who immigrated at the ages of 20 to 44 during the period from 1990 to 2014 by their earnings level in the initial years after immigration.Release date: 2023-05-24
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Analysis (62)
Analysis (62) (0 to 10 of 62 results)
- Articles and reports: 36-28-0001202400300002Description: A key component of Canada’s immigration program is to promote the balanced geographic distribution of immigrants and refugees across Canada. This study asks whether there were significant differences in the economic outcomes of government assisted refugees (GARs), based on the size of the city to which they were designated. The analysis was conducted for both those remaining in the designated cities (stayers) and those moving to other locations (movers).Release date: 2024-03-27
- Articles and reports: 36-28-0001202400300003Description: In recent years, more economic immigrants entered Canada via the Provincial Nominee Program (PNP) than through any other immigration program. This article examines differences among provinces in the growth and importance of the PNP and the characteristics of provincial nominees and is part of a series examining various aspects of the PNP. The series discusses the expansion of the program, differences among provinces, provincial retention rates, trends in earnings and the occupations of provincial nominees, both nationally and provincially.Release date: 2024-03-27
- Articles and reports: 36-28-0001202400300006Description: Research generally supports the idea that technological change has favoured the demand for workers in occupations requiring higher levels of education and skills and negatively affected employment in occupations requiring lower skill levels. This article assesses the changes over the past two decades in the occupational skill level of employment in Canada, with a focus on the role of immigration in the changing occupational structure.Release date: 2024-03-27
- Articles and reports: 36-28-0001202400100006Description: Since the early 2000s, the two-step immigration selection process, through which economic immigrants are chosen from the pool of temporary foreign workers, has expanded rapidly. This article compares earnings of one-step and two-step economic immigrants from the year of arrival, with a focus on the comparison within major admission classes. It further examines whether the results of the comparison have changed across arrival cohorts from the 2000s to the 2010s.Release date: 2024-01-24
- Articles and reports: 36-28-0001202301200004Description: The actual earnings of provincial nominees and their relative earnings (to those of other economic immigrants) are important indicators of the ability of the Provincial Nominee Program to meet provincial labour market needs. This article updates national-level research on the earnings patterns of provincial nominees and, for the first time, provides provincial comparisons.Release date: 2023-12-21
- Articles and reports: 36-28-0001202301100002Description: The Provincial Nominee Program (PNP) is designed to contribute to a more equitable distribution of new immigrants across Canada. A related objective is the retention and integration of provincial nominees in the nominating province or territory. This article is the second in a series that examines the characteristics and labour market outcomes of PNP immigrants and examines the retention of PNP immigrants at both the national and provincial or territorial levels. The analysis uses data from the Immigrant Landing File and tax records, along with three indicators of retention, to measure the propensity of a province or territory to retain immigrants.Release date: 2023-11-22
- 7. The effect of parents’ education and income on the educational attainment of childhood immigrantsArticles and reports: 36-28-0001202300900002Description: Many immigrants move to countries such as Canada in part to provide better educational and economic opportunities for their children. For its part, Canada also looks to immigrants and their children to provide higher-level skills to the labour market. This paper examines the effect of the mother’s and father’s education on the likelihood of a childhood immigrant who arrived in Canada at age 17 or younger, completing postsecondary education. The paper further determines whether there is significant variation in these relationships among immigrants from different source regions.Release date: 2023-09-27
- Articles and reports: 36-28-0001202300800004Description: Labour shortages in health care professions have become a pressing issue across many Canadian jurisdictions and were especially exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic. To help address these shortages, federal, provincial and territorial governments have implemented measures to facilitate the entry of skilled immigrants with health care qualifications into their respective professions, among other government actions to strengthen the health workforce. However, comprehensive data on the numbers, sociodemographic characteristics and labour market outcomes of internationally educated health professionals (IEHPs) remain scarce. This article provides estimates of the number of IEHPs in Canada based on 2021 Census data.Release date: 2023-08-23
- Articles and reports: 36-28-0001202300700004Description: The Provincial Nominee Program (PNP) was introduced in all provinces, excluding Quebec, and most territories in Canada between 1998 and 2009. Its primary goal was to increase the settlement of economic immigrants outside major Canadian cities and to address the workforce needs of employers, as perceived by the province or territory. This article focuses on the expansion of the PNP in Canada and is part of a series that examines the characteristics and labour market outcomes of PNP immigrants.Release date: 2023-07-26
- Articles and reports: 36-28-0001202300500003Description: The selection of highly educated immigrants is based in part on the premise that they can better adapt to the labour market and will have, on average, better economic outcomes than less-educated immigrants. Earlier research indicates that this is the case. However, some university-educated immigrants have a slow start in the initial years after immigration. Little Canadian research has considered whether these immigrants eventually catch up with similarly educated immigrants who have early economic success. Likewise, it is unknown whether they outperform less-educated immigrants. Using the Longitudinal Immigration Database, this study looks at the long-term economic outcomes of university-educated economic principal applicant immigrants who immigrated at the ages of 20 to 44 during the period from 1990 to 2014 by their earnings level in the initial years after immigration.Release date: 2023-05-24
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Reference (2)
Reference (2) ((2 results))
- Surveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 11-633-X2018019Description:
The Longitudinal Immigration Database (IMDB) is a comprehensive source of data that plays a key role in the understanding of the economic behaviour of immigrants. It is the only annual Canadian dataset that allows users to study the characteristics of immigrants to Canada at the time of admission and their economic outcomes and regional (inter-provincial) mobility over a time span of more than 30 years. The IMDB combines administrative files on immigrant admissions and non-permanent resident permits from Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada (IRCC) with tax files from the Canadian Revenue Agency (CRA). Information is available for immigrant taxfilers admitted since 1980. Tax records for 1982 and subsequent years are available for immigrant taxfilers. This report will discuss the IMDB data sources, concepts and variables, record linkage, data processing, dissemination, data evaluation and quality indicators, comparability with other immigration datasets, and the analyses possible with the IMDB.
Release date: 2018-12-10 - Surveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 11-633-X2018011Description:
The Longitudinal Immigration Database (IMDB) is a comprehensive source of data that plays a key role in the understanding of the economic behaviour of immigrants. It is the only annual Canadian dataset that allows users to study the characteristics of immigrants to Canada at the time of admission and their economic outcomes and regional (inter-provincial) mobility over a time span of more than 30 years. The IMDB combines administrative files on immigrant admissions and non-permanent resident permits from Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada (IRCC) with tax files from the Canadian Revenue Agency (CRA). Information is available for immigrant taxfilers admitted since 1980. Tax records for 1982 and subsequent years are available for immigrant taxfilers.
This report will discuss the IMDB data sources, concepts and variables, record linkage, data processing, dissemination, data evaluation and quality indicators, comparability with other immigration datasets, and the analyses possible with the IMDB.
Release date: 2018-01-08
- Date modified: