Household, family and personal income
Key indicators
Selected geographical area: Canada
-
$579,1009.4%
(annual change) -
$68,4000.9%
(annual change)
More household, family and personal income indicators
Selected geographical area: Canada
-
$73,000
-
9.8%
-
-0.040
-
11.1%
-
-3.3
-
$329,900
-
$70,336
-
14.2%
-
17.0%
-
32.0%
-
Proportion of households contributing to TFSA, RRP or RRSP in 2015 - Canada
(2016 Census of Population)65.2%
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All (25) (0 to 10 of 25 results)
- Data Visualization: 71-607-X2019006Description:
This interactive tool allows users to visualize income data of tax filers and their dependants by sex and age for Canada, provinces/territories and census metropolitan area/census agglomeration. It shows the most recent data available from the Annual income estimates for Census families and individuals (T1 Family file).
Release date: 2023-07-17 - 2. Sources of family income by family type, sub-provincial regions, T1 Family File: Interactive toolData Visualization: 71-607-X2019007Description:
This interactive tool allows users to visualize income data of census families and persons not in census families by type of family and income source for Canada, provinces/territories and census metropolitan area/census agglomeration. It shows the most recent data available from the Annual income estimates for Census families and individuals (T1 Family file). For the national and provincial levels, some data are presented from the year 2000 and onward.
Release date: 2023-07-17 - Articles and reports: 36-28-0001202200900001Description:
Registered Education Savings Plans (RESPs) are an important vehicle to help families save for postsecondary education. However, large differences in RESP savings persist between families of different income levels, despite targeted incentives aimed at encouraging low- and middle-income families to open RESP accounts and contribute to them. This article documents the differences in RESP contributions between families with different levels of income and liquid wealth.
Release date: 2022-09-28 - Articles and reports: 36-28-0001202101100002Description:
Postsecondary students can claim postsecondary education credits to lower their tax obligations (or that of a parent, grandparent, spouse or common-law partner, or their parent or grandparent). Claiming the credits is costless, but it does require knowledge of how the credits work to reduce taxes. As a result, claim rates may be unequal across socio-economic backgrounds, including the level of parental income (a key policy lever for needs-based student financial aid). The purpose of this article is to document claim rates among postsecondary students by level of parental income, as well as to re-assess trends in postsecondary enrolment rates by level of parental income in light of unequal claim rates. These trends were previously established with information on the tax credits in tax data. This study uses data from the T1 Family File (T1FF) and the Postsecondary Student Information System (PSIS), which have been recently linked for all ten provinces from 2009 onwards.
Release date: 2021-11-24 - Articles and reports: 36-28-0001202100500006Description:
While there are many studies that examine the relationships between neighbourhood characteristics and health outcomes, and between neighbourhood characteristics and neighbourhood satisfaction, the relationship between neighbourhood characteristics and subjective well-being, particularly life satisfaction, has received much less attention. The objective of this study is to fill this gap in order to help inform neighbourhood-based policy aimed at increasing well-being that is receiving increased attention.
Release date: 2021-05-26 - Articles and reports: 11F0019M2020012Description:
The Government of Canada offers various financial incentives for parents to save for their children’s postsecondary education by contributing to a Registered Education Savings Plan (RESP). However, RESP participation rates tend to rise substantially with family income, and previous research has demonstrated that family wealth was the single most important reason for this trend (among factors that could be examined). This study explores whether differences in parental literacy, numeracy and financial literacy can further account for some of the gap in RESP participation by level of family income.
Release date: 2020-07-06 - Articles and reports: 11-626-X2020001Description:
This Economic Insights article discusses the potential impact of recent school closures on learning and academic performance of school children as it relates to the COVID-19 pandemic. To benefit from online resources, students require access to internet-enabled devices that are suitable for learning. The article estimates the percentage of households with children under the age of 18 with access to these learning tools by level of household income, and also discusses the potential impact of receiving no instruction on academic performance based on an earlier Statistics Canada study.
Release date: 2020-04-15 - Articles and reports: 11F0019M2019012Description:
It has been well-documented that postsecondary graduates, on average, earn considerably more than others. Consequently, increasing postsecondary enrollment among youth from lower-income families—through targeted student aid or community outreach programs—may constitute an effective mechanism for promoting upward income mobility. However, there currently exists no evidence of the benefits of a postsecondary education (PSE) for youth from lower-income families per se. Using postsecondary administrative records and income tax records, this study bridges this information gap by estimating the association between earnings and PSE by level of parental income among a cohort of Ontario postsecondary graduates and a comparison group of Ontario youth who did not enroll in a postsecondary institution.
Release date: 2019-04-26 - Articles and reports: 11F0027M2011074Geography: CanadaDescription:
Discussions of pension adequacy for elderly Canadians have used the rate at which income falls with age; the income replacement rate or the ratio of post-retirement income to pre-retirement income. Use of income streams to assess post-retirement welfare requires a standard against which adequacy of the replacement rates can be judged. Because some expenditures (for example, work-related expenses) can be expected to fall after retirement, a declining income stream does not necessarily signal financial problems for seniors. More importantly, income as normally measured captures only part of what is available to seniors if households possess assets, which in retirement are not being used to generate measured income.
This paper uses a different metric, referred to as "potential" income. Potential income is the sum of realized income and the income that could be realized from owned assets such as mutual funds and housing. Households prepare for retirement by saving and borrowing and investing the proceeds. The assets accumulated over a lifetime may or may not be drawn down in later years. If they are not, income streams underestimate the "potential" income available to support retirement. This paper takes this potential into account when comparing the pre- and post-retirement financial status of Canadian households.
Release date: 2011-11-21 - Table: 97-563-X2006001Description:
This article presents findings on the 2005 earnings and incomes of Canadians from the 2006 Census. Data from censuses back to 1981 further illustrate some of the demographic and economic trends that have affected household finances.
The study tracks median income for economic families and persons not in economic families from 1980 to 2005. In addition, it examines their different sources of income and looks at how incomes have changed for families at the low, middle and high, of the income distribution over the past quarter century. For the first time, the census collected information on the after-tax income of Canadians, that is, total income from all sources minus income tax. After-tax income depicts in a better fashion what families have available to spend. Finally, the report examines low-income among recent immigrants, Canada's children and senior population.
Although most data are presented at the national level, some results are examined at the provincial/territorial and census metropolitan area levels. Some further tables for subprovincial regions will accompany this release.
Release date: 2008-05-09
Data (3)
Data (3) ((3 results))
- Data Visualization: 71-607-X2019006Description:
This interactive tool allows users to visualize income data of tax filers and their dependants by sex and age for Canada, provinces/territories and census metropolitan area/census agglomeration. It shows the most recent data available from the Annual income estimates for Census families and individuals (T1 Family file).
Release date: 2023-07-17 - 2. Sources of family income by family type, sub-provincial regions, T1 Family File: Interactive toolData Visualization: 71-607-X2019007Description:
This interactive tool allows users to visualize income data of census families and persons not in census families by type of family and income source for Canada, provinces/territories and census metropolitan area/census agglomeration. It shows the most recent data available from the Annual income estimates for Census families and individuals (T1 Family file). For the national and provincial levels, some data are presented from the year 2000 and onward.
Release date: 2023-07-17 - Table: 97-563-X2006001Description:
This article presents findings on the 2005 earnings and incomes of Canadians from the 2006 Census. Data from censuses back to 1981 further illustrate some of the demographic and economic trends that have affected household finances.
The study tracks median income for economic families and persons not in economic families from 1980 to 2005. In addition, it examines their different sources of income and looks at how incomes have changed for families at the low, middle and high, of the income distribution over the past quarter century. For the first time, the census collected information on the after-tax income of Canadians, that is, total income from all sources minus income tax. After-tax income depicts in a better fashion what families have available to spend. Finally, the report examines low-income among recent immigrants, Canada's children and senior population.
Although most data are presented at the national level, some results are examined at the provincial/territorial and census metropolitan area levels. Some further tables for subprovincial regions will accompany this release.
Release date: 2008-05-09
Analysis (17)
Analysis (17) (0 to 10 of 17 results)
- Articles and reports: 36-28-0001202200900001Description:
Registered Education Savings Plans (RESPs) are an important vehicle to help families save for postsecondary education. However, large differences in RESP savings persist between families of different income levels, despite targeted incentives aimed at encouraging low- and middle-income families to open RESP accounts and contribute to them. This article documents the differences in RESP contributions between families with different levels of income and liquid wealth.
Release date: 2022-09-28 - Articles and reports: 36-28-0001202101100002Description:
Postsecondary students can claim postsecondary education credits to lower their tax obligations (or that of a parent, grandparent, spouse or common-law partner, or their parent or grandparent). Claiming the credits is costless, but it does require knowledge of how the credits work to reduce taxes. As a result, claim rates may be unequal across socio-economic backgrounds, including the level of parental income (a key policy lever for needs-based student financial aid). The purpose of this article is to document claim rates among postsecondary students by level of parental income, as well as to re-assess trends in postsecondary enrolment rates by level of parental income in light of unequal claim rates. These trends were previously established with information on the tax credits in tax data. This study uses data from the T1 Family File (T1FF) and the Postsecondary Student Information System (PSIS), which have been recently linked for all ten provinces from 2009 onwards.
Release date: 2021-11-24 - Articles and reports: 36-28-0001202100500006Description:
While there are many studies that examine the relationships between neighbourhood characteristics and health outcomes, and between neighbourhood characteristics and neighbourhood satisfaction, the relationship between neighbourhood characteristics and subjective well-being, particularly life satisfaction, has received much less attention. The objective of this study is to fill this gap in order to help inform neighbourhood-based policy aimed at increasing well-being that is receiving increased attention.
Release date: 2021-05-26 - Articles and reports: 11F0019M2020012Description:
The Government of Canada offers various financial incentives for parents to save for their children’s postsecondary education by contributing to a Registered Education Savings Plan (RESP). However, RESP participation rates tend to rise substantially with family income, and previous research has demonstrated that family wealth was the single most important reason for this trend (among factors that could be examined). This study explores whether differences in parental literacy, numeracy and financial literacy can further account for some of the gap in RESP participation by level of family income.
Release date: 2020-07-06 - Articles and reports: 11-626-X2020001Description:
This Economic Insights article discusses the potential impact of recent school closures on learning and academic performance of school children as it relates to the COVID-19 pandemic. To benefit from online resources, students require access to internet-enabled devices that are suitable for learning. The article estimates the percentage of households with children under the age of 18 with access to these learning tools by level of household income, and also discusses the potential impact of receiving no instruction on academic performance based on an earlier Statistics Canada study.
Release date: 2020-04-15 - Articles and reports: 11F0019M2019012Description:
It has been well-documented that postsecondary graduates, on average, earn considerably more than others. Consequently, increasing postsecondary enrollment among youth from lower-income families—through targeted student aid or community outreach programs—may constitute an effective mechanism for promoting upward income mobility. However, there currently exists no evidence of the benefits of a postsecondary education (PSE) for youth from lower-income families per se. Using postsecondary administrative records and income tax records, this study bridges this information gap by estimating the association between earnings and PSE by level of parental income among a cohort of Ontario postsecondary graduates and a comparison group of Ontario youth who did not enroll in a postsecondary institution.
Release date: 2019-04-26 - Articles and reports: 11F0027M2011074Geography: CanadaDescription:
Discussions of pension adequacy for elderly Canadians have used the rate at which income falls with age; the income replacement rate or the ratio of post-retirement income to pre-retirement income. Use of income streams to assess post-retirement welfare requires a standard against which adequacy of the replacement rates can be judged. Because some expenditures (for example, work-related expenses) can be expected to fall after retirement, a declining income stream does not necessarily signal financial problems for seniors. More importantly, income as normally measured captures only part of what is available to seniors if households possess assets, which in retirement are not being used to generate measured income.
This paper uses a different metric, referred to as "potential" income. Potential income is the sum of realized income and the income that could be realized from owned assets such as mutual funds and housing. Households prepare for retirement by saving and borrowing and investing the proceeds. The assets accumulated over a lifetime may or may not be drawn down in later years. If they are not, income streams underestimate the "potential" income available to support retirement. This paper takes this potential into account when comparing the pre- and post-retirement financial status of Canadian households.
Release date: 2011-11-21 - 8. Life After the High-tech Downturn: Permanent Layoffs and Earnings Losses of Displaced Workers ArchivedArticles and reports: 11F0019M2007302Geography: CanadaDescription:
The high-tech sector was a major driving force behind the Canadian economic recovery of the late 1990s. It is well known that the tide began to turn quite suddenly in 2001 when sector-wide employment and earnings halted this upward trend, despite continued gains in the rest of the economy. As informative as employment and earnings statistics may be, they do not paint a complete picture of the severity of the high-tech meltdown. A decline in employment may result from reduced hiring and natural attrition, as opposed to layoffs, while a decline in earnings among high-tech workers says little about the fortunes of laid-off workers who did not regain employment in the high-tech sector. In this study, I use a unique administrative data source to address both of these gaps in our knowledge of the high-tech meltdown. Specifically, the study explores permanent layoffs in the high-tech sector, as well as earnings losses of laid-off high-tech workers. The findings suggest that the high-tech meltdown resulted in a sudden and dramatic increase in the probability of experiencing a permanent layoff, which more than quadrupled in the manufacturing sector from 2000 to 2001. Ottawa-Gatineau workers in the industry were hit particularly hard on this front, as the permanent layoff rate rose by a factor of 11 from 2000 to 2001. Moreover, laid-off manufacturing high-tech workers who found a new job saw a very steep decline in earnings. This decline in earnings was well above the declines registered among any other groups of laid-off workers, including workers who were laid off during the "jobless recovery" of the 1990s. Among laid-off high-tech workers who found a new job, about four out of five did not locate employment in high-tech, and about one out of three moved to another city. In Ottawa-Gatineau, many former high-tech employees found jobs in the federal government. However, about two in five laid-off high-tech workers left the city.
Release date: 2007-07-20 - Articles and reports: 11F0019M2007289Geography: CanadaDescription:
The degree to which workers leave the country was a much-discussed issue in Canada - as elsewhere - in the latter part of the 1990s, although recent empirical evidence shows that it was not such a widespread phenomenon after all, and that rates of leaving have declined substantially in recent years. One aspect of the international mobility dynamic that has not yet been addressed, however, is the effect on individuals' earnings of leaving the country and then returning. The lack of empirical evidence on this issue stems principally from the unavailability of the kind of longitudinal data required for such an analysis. The contribution of this paper is to present evidence on how leaving and returning to Canada affects individuals' earnings based on an analysis carried out with the Longitudinal Administrative Database. The models estimated use movers' (relative) pre-departure profiles as the basis of comparison for their post-return (relative) earnings patterns in order to control for any pre-existing differences in the earnings profiles of movers and non-movers (while also controlling for other factors that affect individuals' earnings at any point in time).
Overall, those who leave the country have higher earnings than non-movers upon their returns, but most of these differences were already present in the pre-departure period. In terms of net earnings growth, individuals who were away for two to five years appear to do best, and enjoy earnings that are 12% higher in the five years following their return relative to their pre-departure levels (controlling for other factors), while those who leave for just one year have smaller gains, and those who spend longer periods abroad have lower (relative) earnings upon their returns as compared to before leaving (perhaps due to other events associated with their mobility patterns). Interestingly, these gains seem to be concentrated among those who had the lowest pre-move earnings levels (less than $60,000), while those higher up on the earnings ladder had smaller and more variable gains.
Release date: 2007-01-18 - 10. Social Assistance Use in Canada: National and Provincial Trends in Incidence, Entry and Exit ArchivedArticles and reports: 11F0019M2005245Geography: CanadaDescription:
Canada witnessed a dramatic decline in welfare participation from 1993/94 to the end of the nineties - one almost on a par with the U.S., but without the sort of landmark legislation adopted there. We explore the dynamics of Social Assistance usage in Canada over this period using data based on tax files for between 2 and 4 million individuals in each year from Canada's Longitudinal Administrative Data - the LAD. The unique attributes of this base - size, longitudinal nature, and income information availability - allow us, for the first time, to calculate annual incidence, entry and exit rates both at the national and provincial levels, broken down by family type. We discuss the variety of experiences of these groups; we identify the policy context and discuss the implications of the findings.
Release date: 2005-05-30
Reference (5)
Reference (5) ((5 results))
- Surveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 75F0002M1997006Description:
This report documents the edit and imputation approach taken in processing Wave 1 income data from the Survey of Labour and Income Dynamics (SLID).
Release date: 1997-12-31 - 2. SLID Test 3B Results: Income Sources ArchivedSurveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 75F0002M1993015Description:
This paper outlines the results of an initial evaluation of the income items in the Survey of Labour and Income Dynamics (SLID) test 3B.
Release date: 1995-12-30 - 3. SLID Test 3B Results: Impact of Notebook ArchivedSurveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 75F0002M1993016Description:
The paper examines the results of an initial evaluation of the effectiveness of the lighter, non-bureaucratic approach to questionnaire design called the SLID (Survey of Labour and Income Dynamics ) Notebook
Release date: 1995-12-30 - Surveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 75F0002M1994008Description:
This document describes the survey content for the Survey of Labour and Income Dynamics (SLID) income data questionnaire and explains the interview process.
Release date: 1995-12-30 - Surveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 75F0002M1995012Description:
This paper describes the Survey of Labour and Income Dynamics (SLID) income data collection procedures and provides an overview of the interview process. May 1995 was the first year respondents could choose to carry out the interview as in the previous year, or they could grant permission for Statistics Canada to access their income tax returns from Revenue Canada and forego the interview.
Release date: 1995-12-30
- Date modified: