Employment insurance, social assistance and other transfers

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All (40) (0 to 10 of 40 results)

  • Articles and reports: 36-28-0001202300300002
    Description: Paid maternity and parental leave help new mothers continue their careers after childbirth or adoption, as continuing employment after becoming a parent became widely common. Historically, an extension of parental leave led Canadian mothers to spend a longer time at home and increased job continuity with their pre-birth employer. This study aims to examine the likelihood and timing of mothers returning to work after parental leave, using more recent data from the Employment Insurance Coverage Survey before the COVID-19 pandemic.
    Release date: 2023-03-22

  • Articles and reports: 36-28-0001202200300002
    Description:

    The 2002 Immigration Refugee Protection Act (IRPA) replaced the Immigration Act, 1976 as the primary legislation guiding immigration in Canada. This article summarizes results from a recent study that compared the long-term use of social assistance among resettled refugees arriving under pre-IRPA guidelines (1997 to 2001), during the transition period (2002 to 2004), and post-IRPA (2005 to 2009). The authors used the Longitudinal immigration database (IMDB) to determine whether resettled refugees arriving after the introduction of IRPA were more likely to rely on social assistance than earlier cohorts.

    Release date: 2022-03-23

  • Articles and reports: 81-595-M2021006
    Description:

    The COVID-19 pandemic had large impacts on those in the skilled trades, as these jobs often require hands-on and close-proximity interactions. Using data from the Education and Labour Market Longitudinal Platform, this study examines the pandemic's impacts by investigating the proportion of journeypersons who received the CERB among those who certified between 2008 and 2019. By examining the proportions across trades, geography and population groups, this study can provide further insight into how the pandemic affected those in the skilled trades and how the impacts were different across trades and groups.

    Release date: 2021-11-08

  • Articles and reports: 11-626-X2019004
    Geography: Province or territory
    Description:

    This article in the Economics Insights series documents the employment histories and income sources of people who died of an illicit drug overdose in British Columbia from January 1, 2007, to December 31, 2016. The data are from the British Columbia (BC) Coroners Service and from administrative data files.

    Release date: 2019-04-10

  • Articles and reports: 11-626-X2015051
    Description:

    This article presents information about the receipt of social assistance by refugee claimants who initiated their claim for protection during the 1999-to-2010 period. Until now, no data source has been able to supply information on social assistance receipt among the refugee claimant population. A longer, more detailed study is also available.

    Release date: 2015-10-15

  • Articles and reports: 11F0019M2015369
    Description:

    Refugee claimants are an important part of the non-permanent resident population of Canada. Canada granted permanent residency to approximately 12,000 to 16,000 refugees every year during the latter part of the 2000s, and approximately 115,000 to 130,000 refugee claimants were residing in Canada at some point every year over that period. Despite the volume of refugee claimants, very little information on their economic characteristics has been available to date. This report draws on new linked administrative data files to provide information on the receipt of social assistance (SA) among this population. The study was successful in linking approximately three-quarters of all refugee claimants to administrative files containing information on the annual receipt of SA.

    Release date: 2015-10-15

  • Articles and reports: 12-002-X200900110693
    Description:

    Developed initially for the author's research on Unemployment Insurance (UI), this article summarizes a set of procedures for constructing customized duration data, using SPSS software and the Survey of Labour and Income Dynamics (SLID). These procedures could be used to merge, deduce, or match multiple duration datasets.

    Release date: 2009-04-22

  • Articles and reports: 11F0019M2007298
    Geography: Canada
    Description:

    Using data from the 1976-to-1997 Survey of Consumer Finances and the 1993-to-2004 Survey of Labour and Income Dynamics, we examine developments in family income inequality, income polarization, relative low income, and income redistribution through the tax-transfer system. We conclude that family after-tax-income inequality was stable across the 1980s, but rose during the 1989-to-2004 period.

    Growth in family after-tax-income inequality can be due to an increase in family market-income inequality (pre-tax, pre-transfer), or to a reduction in income redistribution through the tax-transfer system.

    We conclude that the increase in inequality was associated with a rise in family market-income inequality. Redistribution was at least as high in 2004 as it was at earlier cyclical peaks, but it failed to keep up with rapid growth in family market-income inequality in the 1990s.

    We present income inequality, polarization, and low-income statistics for several well-known measures, and use data preparations identical to those used in the Luxembourg Income Study in order to facilitate international comparisons.

    Release date: 2007-05-11

  • Articles and reports: 75-001-X200611013172
    Geography: Canada
    Description:

    Using tax data, this paper examines earnings instability among lone parents, unattached individuals, and two-parent families over the past two decades. When income tax effects and main sources of income were considered, no strong evidence of a widespread increase in instability was found. Government transfers play a particularly important role in reducing the earnings instability of lone mothers and unattached individuals

    Release date: 2006-12-20

  • Articles and reports: 11F0019M2006280
    Geography: Province or territory
    Description:

    Before 1989, childless social assistance recipients in Quebec under age 30 received much lower benefits than recipients over age 30. We use this sharp discontinuity in policy to estimate the effects of social assistance on various labour market outcomes using a regression discontinuity approach. We find strong evidence that more generous social assistance benefits reduce employment. The estimates exhibit little sensitivity to the degree of flexibility in the specification, and perform very well when we control for unobserved heterogeneity using a first difference specification. Finally, we show that commonly used difference-in-differences estimators may perform poorly with inappropriately chosen control groups.

    Release date: 2006-06-14
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Analysis (40)

Analysis (40) (0 to 10 of 40 results)

  • Articles and reports: 36-28-0001202300300002
    Description: Paid maternity and parental leave help new mothers continue their careers after childbirth or adoption, as continuing employment after becoming a parent became widely common. Historically, an extension of parental leave led Canadian mothers to spend a longer time at home and increased job continuity with their pre-birth employer. This study aims to examine the likelihood and timing of mothers returning to work after parental leave, using more recent data from the Employment Insurance Coverage Survey before the COVID-19 pandemic.
    Release date: 2023-03-22

  • Articles and reports: 36-28-0001202200300002
    Description:

    The 2002 Immigration Refugee Protection Act (IRPA) replaced the Immigration Act, 1976 as the primary legislation guiding immigration in Canada. This article summarizes results from a recent study that compared the long-term use of social assistance among resettled refugees arriving under pre-IRPA guidelines (1997 to 2001), during the transition period (2002 to 2004), and post-IRPA (2005 to 2009). The authors used the Longitudinal immigration database (IMDB) to determine whether resettled refugees arriving after the introduction of IRPA were more likely to rely on social assistance than earlier cohorts.

    Release date: 2022-03-23

  • Articles and reports: 81-595-M2021006
    Description:

    The COVID-19 pandemic had large impacts on those in the skilled trades, as these jobs often require hands-on and close-proximity interactions. Using data from the Education and Labour Market Longitudinal Platform, this study examines the pandemic's impacts by investigating the proportion of journeypersons who received the CERB among those who certified between 2008 and 2019. By examining the proportions across trades, geography and population groups, this study can provide further insight into how the pandemic affected those in the skilled trades and how the impacts were different across trades and groups.

    Release date: 2021-11-08

  • Articles and reports: 11-626-X2019004
    Geography: Province or territory
    Description:

    This article in the Economics Insights series documents the employment histories and income sources of people who died of an illicit drug overdose in British Columbia from January 1, 2007, to December 31, 2016. The data are from the British Columbia (BC) Coroners Service and from administrative data files.

    Release date: 2019-04-10

  • Articles and reports: 11-626-X2015051
    Description:

    This article presents information about the receipt of social assistance by refugee claimants who initiated their claim for protection during the 1999-to-2010 period. Until now, no data source has been able to supply information on social assistance receipt among the refugee claimant population. A longer, more detailed study is also available.

    Release date: 2015-10-15

  • Articles and reports: 11F0019M2015369
    Description:

    Refugee claimants are an important part of the non-permanent resident population of Canada. Canada granted permanent residency to approximately 12,000 to 16,000 refugees every year during the latter part of the 2000s, and approximately 115,000 to 130,000 refugee claimants were residing in Canada at some point every year over that period. Despite the volume of refugee claimants, very little information on their economic characteristics has been available to date. This report draws on new linked administrative data files to provide information on the receipt of social assistance (SA) among this population. The study was successful in linking approximately three-quarters of all refugee claimants to administrative files containing information on the annual receipt of SA.

    Release date: 2015-10-15

  • Articles and reports: 12-002-X200900110693
    Description:

    Developed initially for the author's research on Unemployment Insurance (UI), this article summarizes a set of procedures for constructing customized duration data, using SPSS software and the Survey of Labour and Income Dynamics (SLID). These procedures could be used to merge, deduce, or match multiple duration datasets.

    Release date: 2009-04-22

  • Articles and reports: 11F0019M2007298
    Geography: Canada
    Description:

    Using data from the 1976-to-1997 Survey of Consumer Finances and the 1993-to-2004 Survey of Labour and Income Dynamics, we examine developments in family income inequality, income polarization, relative low income, and income redistribution through the tax-transfer system. We conclude that family after-tax-income inequality was stable across the 1980s, but rose during the 1989-to-2004 period.

    Growth in family after-tax-income inequality can be due to an increase in family market-income inequality (pre-tax, pre-transfer), or to a reduction in income redistribution through the tax-transfer system.

    We conclude that the increase in inequality was associated with a rise in family market-income inequality. Redistribution was at least as high in 2004 as it was at earlier cyclical peaks, but it failed to keep up with rapid growth in family market-income inequality in the 1990s.

    We present income inequality, polarization, and low-income statistics for several well-known measures, and use data preparations identical to those used in the Luxembourg Income Study in order to facilitate international comparisons.

    Release date: 2007-05-11

  • Articles and reports: 75-001-X200611013172
    Geography: Canada
    Description:

    Using tax data, this paper examines earnings instability among lone parents, unattached individuals, and two-parent families over the past two decades. When income tax effects and main sources of income were considered, no strong evidence of a widespread increase in instability was found. Government transfers play a particularly important role in reducing the earnings instability of lone mothers and unattached individuals

    Release date: 2006-12-20

  • Articles and reports: 11F0019M2006280
    Geography: Province or territory
    Description:

    Before 1989, childless social assistance recipients in Quebec under age 30 received much lower benefits than recipients over age 30. We use this sharp discontinuity in policy to estimate the effects of social assistance on various labour market outcomes using a regression discontinuity approach. We find strong evidence that more generous social assistance benefits reduce employment. The estimates exhibit little sensitivity to the degree of flexibility in the specification, and perform very well when we control for unobserved heterogeneity using a first difference specification. Finally, we show that commonly used difference-in-differences estimators may perform poorly with inappropriately chosen control groups.

    Release date: 2006-06-14
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