Hours of work and work arrangements
Key indicators
Selected geographical area: Canada
-
0.4%
(quarterly change) -
$57.60 per hour-1.5%
(annual change)
More hours of work and work arrangements indicators
Selected geographical area: Canada
-
85.6%
-
Percentage of immigrants in the labour force aged 25 to 54 years - Canada
(2021 Census of Population)27.7% -
11.7%
-
Proportion of adults aged 25 to 54 years who worked full year full time in 2015 - Canada
(2016 Census of Population)49.8% -
Proportion of adults aged 65 years and over who worked full year full time in 2015 - Canada
(2016 Census of Population)5.9% -
99.2%
-
15.4%
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All (24) (0 to 10 of 24 results)
- Articles and reports: 36-28-0001202400300005Description: Temporary residents constitute an important supply of labour for the Canadian economy. However, some of them do not work in a given year, even when holding a valid work permit. This article estimates the share of temporary residents who had paid employment but were “weakly attached” to the Canadian labour market in 2019.Release date: 2024-03-27
- Articles and reports: 36-28-0001202301200005Description: Different industrial sectors depend on temporary foreign workers (TFWs) to varying degrees because of unique levels of labour shortages and specific skill requirements. Analyzing the role of TFWs across industrial sectors in Canada provides empirical evidence to inform the formulation of policies and strategies that support the needs of Canadian businesses and the well-being of TFWs. This article uses linked administrative data to analyze the distribution of TFWs across industries and their proportion in the workforce within each industry from 2010 to 2020.Release date: 2023-12-21
- Stats in brief: 45-20-00032021005Description:
This fourth installment of Eh-Sayers focusses on the growing market of gigs and their place in an ever-changing landscape of job flexibility and/or instability. What are the socio-economic benefits and drawbacks of a gig worker and how are they affected by Covid-19? As more people work remotely and the workday structure changes due to Covid-19, How will the Canadian economy reflect these changes moving forward? Paul Glavin, associate professor, Department of Sociology at McMaster University discusses the impact and acceleration, freedom and limitations for gig workers across the nation.
Release date: 2022-01-07 - Articles and reports: 11F0019M2019025Description:
This study identifies gig workers based on characteristics of their work arrangements and how these are reported in tax data. It introduces a definition of gig work specific to the way work arrangements are reported in the Canadian tax system and estimates the size of the gig economy in Canada using administrative data. The share of gig workers among all workers rose from 5.5% in 2005 to 8.2% in 2016. Some of this increase coincided with the introduction and proliferation of online platforms. The analysis highlights gender differences in the trends and characteristics of gig workers. By linking administrative data to 2016 Census microdata, this study also examines educational and occupational differences in the prevalence of gig workers.
Release date: 2019-12-16 - 5. Women-owned Enterprises in Canada ArchivedArticles and reports: 11-626-X2018083Description:
This article in the Economic Insights series presents new estimates for women-owned and men owned enterprises in Canada. It uses a unique employer–employee matched database developed using administrative data that covers both business owners and their businesses. A private enterprise is defined as women-owned if women have a majority interest (at least 51%) in the enterprise.
Release date: 2018-09-24 - Articles and reports: 11F0019M2018407Description:
Entrepreneurial activity has long been argued as an important driver of innovation, job creation, and productivity growth. However, measuring entrepreneurial activity is not easy. Using a newly developed administrative database of firms and workers, the Canadian Employer–Employee Dynamics Database (CEEDD), over the period from 2001 to 2013, this paper distinguishes incorporated self-employment from unincorporated self-employment, and compares the entry and exit dynamics of the two types of self-employment by age, gender and province. The large number of observations in CEEDD and its longitudinal nature make this detailed analysis possible.
Release date: 2018-07-09 - Articles and reports: 11-622-M2015031Description:
Canada has a large group of unincorporated self-employed businesses that play a critical role in the early lifecycle of firms. This study presents summary statistics on the importance of a particular group of the self-employed: those whose primary source of income from employment comes from an unincorporated business.
The unincorporated self-employed measured in this study are those who file the Canada Revenue Agency’s income tax return (the T1 form) and report self-employed income as the primary source of their income. The study spans the period from 1989 to 2010.
Release date: 2015-10-08 - 8. Bosses of Their Own: Are Children of Immigrants More Likely than Their Parents to Be Self-Employed? ArchivedArticles and reports: 11F0019M2012341Geography: CanadaDescription:
Self-employment has been regarded as an important pathway for many immigrants to engage in the labour market. However, little is known about self-employment among the children of immigrants. Using the 1981 and 2006 Canadian censuses of population and a generational cohort method of analysis, this paper compares the self-employment rates of immigrant parents and the children of immigrant parents when both were 25 to 44 years of age. The focus is on three questions: (1) Are children of immigrants likelier or less likely than immigrant parents to be self-employed?; (2) Are children of immigrants likelier or less likely than children of Canadian-born parents to be self-employed?; (3) Is the generational change in the self-employment rate from immigrant parents to the children of immigrants different from the generational change from Canadian-born parents to their children?
Release date: 2012-04-16 - Articles and reports: 11F0027M2011073Geography: CanadaDescription:
This paper examines how the nature of self-employment may have changed, by comparing the labour market transition rates for males (between non-employment, paid employment, own-account self-employment, and self-employment with paid help) in two panels of the Survey of Labour and Income Dynamics (SLID): the 1993-1998 panel and the 2002-2007 panel. An econometric model is then estimated for the purpose of characterizing the change further.
Release date: 2011-10-20 - 10. Inside the labour market downturn ArchivedArticles and reports: 75-001-X201100111410Geography: CanadaDescription:
The Canadian labour market recently experienced its most significant downturn since the 1990 - 1992 recession. Although employment rebounded more quickly than during the downturns of the early 1980s and early 1990s, the number of individuals without a job remains significantly higher than at the beginning of the downturn. This article investigates how various categories of non-workers grew in the past two years. It also discusses alternative measures of unemployment that include some of these categories in the calculations. Several of the alternative measures also include part-time workers who would prefer to work full time.
Release date: 2011-02-23
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Analysis (24)
Analysis (24) (0 to 10 of 24 results)
- Articles and reports: 36-28-0001202400300005Description: Temporary residents constitute an important supply of labour for the Canadian economy. However, some of them do not work in a given year, even when holding a valid work permit. This article estimates the share of temporary residents who had paid employment but were “weakly attached” to the Canadian labour market in 2019.Release date: 2024-03-27
- Articles and reports: 36-28-0001202301200005Description: Different industrial sectors depend on temporary foreign workers (TFWs) to varying degrees because of unique levels of labour shortages and specific skill requirements. Analyzing the role of TFWs across industrial sectors in Canada provides empirical evidence to inform the formulation of policies and strategies that support the needs of Canadian businesses and the well-being of TFWs. This article uses linked administrative data to analyze the distribution of TFWs across industries and their proportion in the workforce within each industry from 2010 to 2020.Release date: 2023-12-21
- Stats in brief: 45-20-00032021005Description:
This fourth installment of Eh-Sayers focusses on the growing market of gigs and their place in an ever-changing landscape of job flexibility and/or instability. What are the socio-economic benefits and drawbacks of a gig worker and how are they affected by Covid-19? As more people work remotely and the workday structure changes due to Covid-19, How will the Canadian economy reflect these changes moving forward? Paul Glavin, associate professor, Department of Sociology at McMaster University discusses the impact and acceleration, freedom and limitations for gig workers across the nation.
Release date: 2022-01-07 - Articles and reports: 11F0019M2019025Description:
This study identifies gig workers based on characteristics of their work arrangements and how these are reported in tax data. It introduces a definition of gig work specific to the way work arrangements are reported in the Canadian tax system and estimates the size of the gig economy in Canada using administrative data. The share of gig workers among all workers rose from 5.5% in 2005 to 8.2% in 2016. Some of this increase coincided with the introduction and proliferation of online platforms. The analysis highlights gender differences in the trends and characteristics of gig workers. By linking administrative data to 2016 Census microdata, this study also examines educational and occupational differences in the prevalence of gig workers.
Release date: 2019-12-16 - 5. Women-owned Enterprises in Canada ArchivedArticles and reports: 11-626-X2018083Description:
This article in the Economic Insights series presents new estimates for women-owned and men owned enterprises in Canada. It uses a unique employer–employee matched database developed using administrative data that covers both business owners and their businesses. A private enterprise is defined as women-owned if women have a majority interest (at least 51%) in the enterprise.
Release date: 2018-09-24 - Articles and reports: 11F0019M2018407Description:
Entrepreneurial activity has long been argued as an important driver of innovation, job creation, and productivity growth. However, measuring entrepreneurial activity is not easy. Using a newly developed administrative database of firms and workers, the Canadian Employer–Employee Dynamics Database (CEEDD), over the period from 2001 to 2013, this paper distinguishes incorporated self-employment from unincorporated self-employment, and compares the entry and exit dynamics of the two types of self-employment by age, gender and province. The large number of observations in CEEDD and its longitudinal nature make this detailed analysis possible.
Release date: 2018-07-09 - Articles and reports: 11-622-M2015031Description:
Canada has a large group of unincorporated self-employed businesses that play a critical role in the early lifecycle of firms. This study presents summary statistics on the importance of a particular group of the self-employed: those whose primary source of income from employment comes from an unincorporated business.
The unincorporated self-employed measured in this study are those who file the Canada Revenue Agency’s income tax return (the T1 form) and report self-employed income as the primary source of their income. The study spans the period from 1989 to 2010.
Release date: 2015-10-08 - 8. Bosses of Their Own: Are Children of Immigrants More Likely than Their Parents to Be Self-Employed? ArchivedArticles and reports: 11F0019M2012341Geography: CanadaDescription:
Self-employment has been regarded as an important pathway for many immigrants to engage in the labour market. However, little is known about self-employment among the children of immigrants. Using the 1981 and 2006 Canadian censuses of population and a generational cohort method of analysis, this paper compares the self-employment rates of immigrant parents and the children of immigrant parents when both were 25 to 44 years of age. The focus is on three questions: (1) Are children of immigrants likelier or less likely than immigrant parents to be self-employed?; (2) Are children of immigrants likelier or less likely than children of Canadian-born parents to be self-employed?; (3) Is the generational change in the self-employment rate from immigrant parents to the children of immigrants different from the generational change from Canadian-born parents to their children?
Release date: 2012-04-16 - Articles and reports: 11F0027M2011073Geography: CanadaDescription:
This paper examines how the nature of self-employment may have changed, by comparing the labour market transition rates for males (between non-employment, paid employment, own-account self-employment, and self-employment with paid help) in two panels of the Survey of Labour and Income Dynamics (SLID): the 1993-1998 panel and the 2002-2007 panel. An econometric model is then estimated for the purpose of characterizing the change further.
Release date: 2011-10-20 - 10. Inside the labour market downturn ArchivedArticles and reports: 75-001-X201100111410Geography: CanadaDescription:
The Canadian labour market recently experienced its most significant downturn since the 1990 - 1992 recession. Although employment rebounded more quickly than during the downturns of the early 1980s and early 1990s, the number of individuals without a job remains significantly higher than at the beginning of the downturn. This article investigates how various categories of non-workers grew in the past two years. It also discusses alternative measures of unemployment that include some of these categories in the calculations. Several of the alternative measures also include part-time workers who would prefer to work full time.
Release date: 2011-02-23
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