Population and demography
Key indicators
Selected geographical area: Canada
-
40,097,7612.9%(annual change)
-
24.3%
More population and demography indicators
Selected geographical area: Canada
-
22.8
-
1,000,505-49.2%(period-to-period change)
-
811,430-26.2%(period-to-period change)
-
1,807,2509.4%(period-to-period change)
-
66.5%
-
1,048,4059.7%(period-to-period change)
-
21.5%(period-to-period change)
-
624,2206.3%(period-to-period change)
-
70,5458.5%(period-to-period change)
-
18.0%
-
50.0%
-
$73,000
-
9.8%
-
22.7%
-
-0.040
-
11.1%
-
-3.3
-
19.0%2.1%(period-to-period change)
-
16.3%-0.3%(period-to-period change)
-
64.8%-1.7%(period-to-period change)
-
52.6%-1.0%(period-to-period change)
-
10.7%0.8%(period-to-period change)
-
36,991,9815.2%(period-to-period change)
-
100.0
-
16,284,235
-
16.9
-
20.0
-
16.6
-
66.5
-
96.5
-
41.0
-
53.6
-
35,151,7285.0%(period-to-period change)
-
100.0
-
15,412,443
Selected geographical area: Newfoundland and Labrador
-
538,6051.3%(annual change)
-
13.0%
More population and demography indicators
Selected geographical area: Newfoundland and Labrador
-
17.5
-
3,585-30.9%(period-to-period change)
-
8,910-13.7%(period-to-period change)
-
75.7%
-
46,5501.8%(period-to-period change)
-
28,4300.2%(period-to-period change)
-
7,330-5.8%(period-to-period change)
-
15.3%(period-to-period change)
-
7,33513.7%(period-to-period change)
-
-1.3%
-
-0.033
-
15.2%
-
-0.1
-
23.6%4.2%(period-to-period change)
-
13.4%-0.9%(period-to-period change)
-
63.0%-3.2%(period-to-period change)
-
72.3%-1.0%(period-to-period change)
-
Percentage of apartments in a building that has five or more storeys - Newfoundland and Labrador
(2016 to 2021)0.4%0.0%(period-to-period change) -
510,550-1.8%(period-to-period change)
-
1.4
-
269,184
-
19.4
-
23.0
-
14.3
-
66.2
-
Male/female ratio (number of males per 100 females) - Newfoundland and Labrador
(2016 Census of Population)95.5 -
43.7
-
73.3
-
519,7161.0 %(period-to-period change)
-
1.5%
-
265,739
Selected geographical area: Prince Edward Island
-
173,7873.9%(annual change)
-
14.9%
More population and demography indicators
Selected geographical area: Prince Edward Island
-
18.1
-
8909.2%(period-to-period change)
-
2,840-22.8%(period-to-period change)
-
68.8%
-
3,38523.5%(period-to-period change)
-
2,16015.2%(period-to-period change)
-
84019.0%(period-to-period change)
-
34.1%(period-to-period change)
-
180140.0%(period-to-period change)
-
$64,000
-
10.3%
-
-0.023
-
13.8%
-
-2.9
-
21.2%1.8%(period-to-period change)
-
15.3%-0.6%(period-to-period change)
-
63.5%-1.2%(period-to-period change)
-
67.9%-1.3%(period-to-period change)
-
Percentage of apartments in a building that has five or more storeys - Prince Edward Island
(2016 to 2021)0.2%0.1%(period-to-period change) -
154,3318.0%(period-to-period change)
-
0.4
-
74,934
-
19.4
-
21.6
-
15.9
-
64.7
-
Male/female ratio (number of males per 100 females) - Prince Edward Island
(2016 Census of Population)94.2 -
42.7
-
69.2
-
142,9071.9 %(period-to-period change)
-
0.4%
-
71,119
Selected geographical area: Nova Scotia
-
1,058,6943.2%(annual change)
-
20.7%
More population and demography indicators
Selected geographical area: Nova Scotia
-
20.4
-
13,900-45.1%(period-to-period change)
-
20,580-24.7%(period-to-period change)
-
66.8%
-
52,4301.8%(period-to-period change)
-
28,0558.6%(period-to-period change)
-
21,090-9.5%(period-to-period change)
-
24.6%(period-to-period change)
-
1,10039.9%(period-to-period change)
-
10.3%
-
$62,400
-
8.3%
-
-0.032
-
14.9%
-
-2.6
-
22.2%2.3%(period-to-period change)
-
14.1%-0.4%(period-to-period change)
-
63.7%-1.9%(period-to-period change)
-
63.7%-1.8%(period-to-period change)
-
6.7%1.4%(period-to-period change)
-
969,3835.0%(period-to-period change)
-
2.6
-
476,007
-
19.9
-
19.9
-
14.5
-
65.6
-
93.7
-
43.5
-
65.5
-
923,5980.2 %(period-to-period change)
-
2.6%
-
458,568
Selected geographical area: New Brunswick
-
834,6913.1%(annual change)
-
15.9%
More population and demography indicators
Selected geographical area: New Brunswick
-
18.4
-
4,350-40.4%(period-to-period change)
-
13,435-15.3%(period-to-period change)
-
33,30013.3%(period-to-period change)
-
73.0%
-
20,96019.3%(period-to-period change)
-
10,165-0.3%(period-to-period change)
-
18.5%(period-to-period change)
-
68577.9%(period-to-period change)
-
34.0%
-
$62,000
-
9.2%
-
-0.026
-
14.2%
-
-3.1
-
22.8%2.9%(period-to-period change)
-
14.3%-0.5%(period-to-period change)
-
62.8%-2.5%(period-to-period change)
-
67.8%-1.5%(period-to-period change)
-
1.3%0.0%(period-to-period change)
-
775,6103.8%(period-to-period change)
-
2.1
-
366,146
-
19.9
-
20.3
-
14.8
-
65.3
-
95.7
-
43.6
-
69.3
-
747,101-0.5%(period-to-period change)
-
2.1%
-
359,721
Selected geographical area: Quebec
-
8,874,6832.3%(annual change)
-
21.9%
More population and demography indicators
Selected geographical area: Quebec
-
22.5
-
287,345-42.9%(period-to-period change)
-
219,060-15.7%(period-to-period change)
-
205,01514.3%(period-to-period change)
-
59.9%
-
116,55030.8%(period-to-period change)
-
14.2%(period-to-period change)
-
61,015-12.0%(period-to-period change)
-
15,79513.3%(period-to-period change)
-
46.4%
-
46.6%
-
$63,200
-
42.7%
-
12.1%
-
-0.027
-
11.9%
-
-2.6
-
20.6%2.3%(period-to-period change)
-
16.4%0.1%(period-to-period change)
-
63.0%-2.4%(period-to-period change)
-
44.6%-0.8%(period-to-period change)
-
6.0%0.7%(period-to-period change)
-
8,501,8334.1%(period-to-period change)
-
23.0
-
4,050,164
-
18.3
-
18.9
-
16.3
-
65.4
-
96.8
-
41.9
-
45.4
-
8,164,3613.3%(period-to-period change)
-
23.2%
-
3,858,943
Selected geographical area: Ontario
-
15,608,3693.0%(annual change)
-
29.7%
More population and demography indicators
Selected geographical area: Ontario
-
24.7
-
390,135-56.1%(period-to-period change)
-
246,050-37.8%(period-to-period change)
-
406,59010.0%(period-to-period change)
-
68.4%
-
251,0308.2%(period-to-period change)
-
24.1%(period-to-period change)
-
134,61511.6%(period-to-period change)
-
4,31011.7%(period-to-period change)
-
10.8%
-
$79,500
-
53.5%
-
15.7%
-
12.8%
-
-0.036
-
10.1%
-
-4.3
-
18.5%1.8%(period-to-period change)
-
15.8%-0.6%(period-to-period change)
-
65.6%-1.2%(period-to-period change)
-
53.6%-0.7%(period-to-period change)
-
17.9%0.8%(period-to-period change)
-
14,223,9425.8%(period-to-period change)
-
38.5
-
5,929,250
-
16.7
-
19.9
-
16.4
-
66.8
-
95.2
-
41.0
-
54.3
-
13,448,4944.6%(period-to-period change)
-
38.3%
-
5,598,391
Selected geographical area: Manitoba
-
1,454,9022.9%(annual change)
-
17.0%
More population and demography indicators
Selected geographical area: Manitoba
-
20.6
-
29,345-45.4%(period-to-period change)
-
32,835-18.9%(period-to-period change)
-
237,1909.9%(period-to-period change)
-
67.4%
-
134,8909.6%(period-to-period change)
-
96,7308.3%(period-to-period change)
-
23.0%(period-to-period change)
-
72519.8%(period-to-period change)
-
8.3%
-
$69,000
-
51.7%
-
7.8%
-
16.9%
-
-0.038
-
14.2%
-
-3.3
-
17.1%1.5%(period-to-period change)
-
18.8%-0.3%(period-to-period change)
-
64.1%-1.3%(period-to-period change)
-
66.4%-1.4%(period-to-period change)
-
8.4%0.4%(period-to-period change)
-
1,342,1535.0%(period-to-period change)
-
3.6
-
571,528
-
15.6
-
15.4
-
19.1
-
65.4
-
97.6
-
39.2
-
67.8
-
1,278,3655.8%(period-to-period change)
-
3.6%
-
539,748
Selected geographical area: Saskatchewan
-
1,209,1072.6%(annual change)
-
18.4%
More population and demography indicators
Selected geographical area: Saskatchewan
-
18.1
-
7,935-42.6%(period-to-period change)
-
25,155-22.8%(period-to-period change)
-
70.7%
-
187,8907.4%(period-to-period change)
-
121,1705.8%(period-to-period change)
-
62,8008.5%(period-to-period change)
-
17.4%(period-to-period change)
-
46027.8%(period-to-period change)
-
$73,000
-
2.8%
-
-0.038
-
13.4%
-
-1.7
-
17.5%2.0%(period-to-period change)
-
19.7%0.1%(period-to-period change)
-
62.8%-2.0%(period-to-period change)
-
71.6%-1.0%(period-to-period change)
-
2.5%0.0%(period-to-period change)
-
1,132,5053.1%(period-to-period change)
-
3.1
-
513,725
-
15.5
-
10.9
-
19.6
-
64.8
-
98.8
-
39.1
-
72.7
-
1,098,3526.3%(period-to-period change)
-
3.1%
-
495,582
Selected geographical area: Alberta
-
4,695,2904.0%(annual change)
-
22.0%
More population and demography indicators
Selected geographical area: Alberta
-
22.1
-
88,260-54.6%(period-to-period change)
-
74,180-31.1%(period-to-period change)
-
284,46512.2%(period-to-period change)
-
70.9%
-
145,64510.7%(period-to-period change)
-
127,47511.5%(period-to-period change)
-
30.0%(period-to-period change)
-
2,94518.3%(period-to-period change)
-
6.1%
-
53.2%
-
$83,000
-
16.7%
-
-4.6%
-
-0.064
-
9.2%
-
-0.5
-
14.8%2.5%(period-to-period change)
-
19.0%-0.2%(period-to-period change)
-
66.2%-2.3%(period-to-period change)
-
60.9%-1.0%(period-to-period change)
-
4.6%0.5%(period-to-period change)
-
4,262,6354.8%(period-to-period change)
-
11.5
-
1,772,670
-
12.3
-
23.3
-
19.2
-
68.5
-
100.6
-
37.8
-
61.9
-
4,067,17511.6%(period-to-period change)
-
11.6%
-
1,654,129
Selected geographical area: British Columbia
-
5,519,0133.0%(annual change)
-
22.6%
More population and demography indicators
Selected geographical area: British Columbia
-
23.0
-
174,045-36.5%(period-to-period change)
-
158,345-18.2%(period-to-period change)
-
66.8%
-
290,2107.5%(period-to-period change)
-
180,0854.8%(period-to-period change)
-
27.5%(period-to-period change)
-
97,8659.5%(period-to-period change)
-
1,7256.5%(period-to-period change)
-
$76,000
-
14.3%
-
-0.037
-
10.8%
-
-4.9
-
20.3%2.0%(period-to-period change)
-
14.3%-0.6%(period-to-period change)
-
65.3%-1.6%(period-to-period change)
-
42.4%-1.7%(period-to-period change)
-
Percentage of apartments in a building that has five or more storeys - British Columbia
(2016 to 2021)10.9%1.4%(period-to-period change) -
5,000,8797.6%(period-to-period change)
-
13.5
-
2,211,694
-
18.3
-
23.3
-
14.9
-
66.9
-
96.1
-
42.3
-
44.1
-
4,648,0555.6%(period-to-period change)
-
13.2%
-
2,063,417
Selected geographical area: Yukon
-
44,9752.4%(annual change)
-
11.4%
More population and demography indicators
Selected geographical area: Yukon
-
15.9
-
480-33.8%(period-to-period change)
-
2,145-2.9%(period-to-period change)
-
8,8057.5%(period-to-period change)
-
64.4%
-
6,9353.7%(period-to-period change)
-
1,28526.6%(period-to-period change)
-
33.7%(period-to-period change)
-
26015.6%(period-to-period change)
-
14.2%
-
46.7%
-
$88,000
-
32.8%
-
10.0%
-
-0.027
-
7.6%
-
-2.9
-
15.0%3.1%(period-to-period change)
-
17.0%-0.5%(period-to-period change)
-
68.0%-2.6%(period-to-period change)
-
60.3%-1.7%(period-to-period change)
-
0.3%0.0%(period-to-period change)
-
40,23212.1%(period-to-period change)
-
0.1
-
19,610
-
11.9
-
37.9
-
17.5
-
70.6
-
101.6
-
39.1
-
62.0
-
35,8745.8%(period-to-period change)
-
0.1%
-
17,987
Selected geographical area: Northwest Territories
-
44,9720.6%(annual change)
-
9.7%
More population and demography indicators
Selected geographical area: Northwest Territories
-
9.8
-
145-43.1%(period-to-period change)
-
3,900-25.7%(period-to-period change)
-
53.5%
-
20,040-3.9%(period-to-period change)
-
12,315-6.6%(period-to-period change)
-
2,890-14.6%(period-to-period change)
-
0.6%(period-to-period change)
-
4,1551.8%(period-to-period change)
-
$109,000
-
0.9%
-
-0.045
-
7.2%
-
-4.5
-
10.0%2.3%(period-to-period change)
-
20.6%-0.6%(period-to-period change)
-
69.4%-1.7%(period-to-period change)
-
56.6%-1.0%(period-to-period change)
-
Percentage of apartments in a building that has five or more storeys - Northwest Territories
(2016 to 2021)1.9%-1.1%(period-to-period change) -
41,070-1.7%(period-to-period change)
-
0.1
-
17,603
-
7.7
-
34.7
-
21.2
-
71.0
-
Male/female ratio (number of males per 100 females) - Northwest Territories
(2016 Census of Population)103.8 -
34.9
-
57.6
-
41,7860.8%(period-to-period change)
-
0.1%
-
17,666
Selected geographical area: Nunavut
-
40,6730.5%(annual change)
-
7.3%
More population and demography indicators
Selected geographical area: Nunavut
-
7.1
-
1000.0%(period-to-period change)
-
3,995-27.5%(period-to-period change)
-
19.2%
-
31,3902.7%(period-to-period change)
-
180-5.3%(period-to-period change)
-
17.2%(period-to-period change)
-
115-30.3%(period-to-period change)
-
30,8602.4%(period-to-period change)
-
3.8%
-
$104,000
-
76.5%
-
51.7%
-
11.8%
-
-0.048
-
14.7%
-
-7.4
-
4.4%0.6%(period-to-period change)
-
32.8%0.3%(period-to-period change)
-
62.9%-0.8%(period-to-period change)
-
43.1%-1.2%(period-to-period change)
-
1.2%0.0%(period-to-period change)
-
36,8582.5%(period-to-period change)
-
0.1
-
11,720
-
3.8
-
28.3
-
32.5
-
63.7
-
104.8
-
27.7
-
44.3
-
35,94412.7%(period-to-period change)
-
0.1%
-
11,433
Filter results by
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Results
All (21)
All (21) (0 to 10 of 21 results)
- Stats in brief: 45-28-0001202100100041Description:
This article uses data from the first series of the Canadian Social Survey - COVID-19 and Well-being (CSS-CW) to examine whether persons aged 15 to 49 made changes to their fertility plans because of the COVID-19 pandemic. Changes to fertility intentions are explored, including those related to the timing of childbearing and those impacting the number of desired children. Lastly, we examine to what extent persons having certain sociodemographic characteristics were more or less likely to adjust their fertility plans in response to the pandemic.
Release date: 2021-12-01 - Articles and reports: 11F0019M2018411Geography: Census metropolitan areaDescription:
Immigrants tend to reside disproportionately in larger Canadian cities, which may challenge their absorptive capacity. This study uses the linked Longitudinal Immigration Database and T1 Family File to examine the initial location and onward migration decisions of immigrants who are economic principal applicants (EPAs) and who have landed since the Immigration and Refugee Protection Act was passed. The main objective of the study is to identify the factors associated with initially residing and remaining in Canada’s three largest gateway cities: Montréal, Toronto and Vancouver (referred to as MTV).
Release date: 2018-12-07 - Articles and reports: 82-003-X201601214687Description:
This study describes record linkage of the Canadian Community Health Survey and the Canadian Mortality Database. The article explains the record linkage process and presents results about associations between health behaviours and mortality among a representative sample of Canadians.
Release date: 2016-12-21 - 4. Seniors returning to Canada ArchivedArticles and reports: 75-001-X201200111618Geography: CanadaDescription:
The age and other characteristics of emigrants who return to Canada may have social and economic implications - particularly with respect to transfer programs for seniors. This study uses census data to address several questions related to Canadian residents who previously emigrated to other countries: Do seniors account for a large proportion of returned emigrants? From where do older emigrants return? Do the characteristics of older returned emigrants differ from those of older Canadians who did not live abroad? Do the amounts and sources of income received in old age differ between these groups? How do all these results differ for the Canadian-born versus immigrant returnees?
Release date: 2012-01-30 - 5. Settlements in Canada ArchivedArticles and reports: 16-002-X201100211504Geography: CanadaDescription:
By studying the size and form of settlements over time it is possible to better examine their impact on the physical environment, such as consumption of land and pollution emissions. This article focuses on the characteristics of settlements in terms of land area and population, and the changes that have taken place between 2001 and 2006.
Release date: 2011-06-22 - 6. Ecoregion profile: St-Laurent Lowlands ArchivedProfile of a community or region: 16-002-X201000211285Description:
The St-Laurent Lowlands ecoregion profile is the third in a series of ecoregion profiles. The information presented includes a brief description of the physical setting, a snapshot of land cover and use as well as selected statistics on the changing socio-economy in the region.
Release date: 2010-06-29 - Articles and reports: 16-002-X201000111134Geography: CanadaDescription:
Settlements are important hubs for residential, commercial and industrial activity, however, the size, structure and form of settlements over time can have a variety of social, economic and environmental implications. Statistics Canada has developed a new concept and dataset to delineate or map boundaries for Canada's settlements. This article presents some of the early geographic results of this project.
Release date: 2010-03-24 - 8. Ecoregion profile: Lake Erie Lowland ArchivedProfile of a community or region: 16-002-X201000111135Description:
The Lake Erie Lowland ecoregion profile is the second in a series of ecoregion profiles. The information presented includes a brief description of the physical setting, a snapshot of land cover and use as well as selected statistics on the changing socio-economy in the region.
Release date: 2010-03-24 - Profile of a community or region: 16-002-X200900411031Description:
The Lower Mainland ecoregion profile is the first in an upcoming series of ecoregion profiles. The information presented includes a brief description of the physical setting, a snapshot of land cover and use as well as selected statistics on the changing socio-economy in the region. This ecoregion will be the site for many of the activities associated with the 2010 Vancouver Winter Olympics.
Release date: 2009-12-09 - Table: 16-002-X200800210625Description:
Data from the Census are mapped by ecozone, showing how Canada's population changed from 1981 to 2006.
Release date: 2008-06-25
Data (6)
Data (6) ((6 results))
- 1. Ecoregion profile: St-Laurent Lowlands ArchivedProfile of a community or region: 16-002-X201000211285Description:
The St-Laurent Lowlands ecoregion profile is the third in a series of ecoregion profiles. The information presented includes a brief description of the physical setting, a snapshot of land cover and use as well as selected statistics on the changing socio-economy in the region.
Release date: 2010-06-29 - 2. Ecoregion profile: Lake Erie Lowland ArchivedProfile of a community or region: 16-002-X201000111135Description:
The Lake Erie Lowland ecoregion profile is the second in a series of ecoregion profiles. The information presented includes a brief description of the physical setting, a snapshot of land cover and use as well as selected statistics on the changing socio-economy in the region.
Release date: 2010-03-24 - Profile of a community or region: 16-002-X200900411031Description:
The Lower Mainland ecoregion profile is the first in an upcoming series of ecoregion profiles. The information presented includes a brief description of the physical setting, a snapshot of land cover and use as well as selected statistics on the changing socio-economy in the region. This ecoregion will be the site for many of the activities associated with the 2010 Vancouver Winter Olympics.
Release date: 2009-12-09 - Table: 16-002-X200800210625Description:
Data from the Census are mapped by ecozone, showing how Canada's population changed from 1981 to 2006.
Release date: 2008-06-25 - 5. Population change in Canada's drainage areas ArchivedThematic map: 16-002-X200700310457Geography: CanadaDescription:
Data from the Census are mapped, showing how Canada's population changed from 1981 to 2006.
Release date: 2007-12-10 - Table: 11-516-X198300111299Description:
Statistics in the tables of Section B are in two divisions. Series Bl-81 contain data on vital statistics and series B82-543 on health. Data on social welfare, formerly contained in this section, are presented separately in Section C.
Release date: 1999-07-29
Analysis (15)
Analysis (15) (0 to 10 of 15 results)
- Stats in brief: 45-28-0001202100100041Description:
This article uses data from the first series of the Canadian Social Survey - COVID-19 and Well-being (CSS-CW) to examine whether persons aged 15 to 49 made changes to their fertility plans because of the COVID-19 pandemic. Changes to fertility intentions are explored, including those related to the timing of childbearing and those impacting the number of desired children. Lastly, we examine to what extent persons having certain sociodemographic characteristics were more or less likely to adjust their fertility plans in response to the pandemic.
Release date: 2021-12-01 - Articles and reports: 11F0019M2018411Geography: Census metropolitan areaDescription:
Immigrants tend to reside disproportionately in larger Canadian cities, which may challenge their absorptive capacity. This study uses the linked Longitudinal Immigration Database and T1 Family File to examine the initial location and onward migration decisions of immigrants who are economic principal applicants (EPAs) and who have landed since the Immigration and Refugee Protection Act was passed. The main objective of the study is to identify the factors associated with initially residing and remaining in Canada’s three largest gateway cities: Montréal, Toronto and Vancouver (referred to as MTV).
Release date: 2018-12-07 - Articles and reports: 82-003-X201601214687Description:
This study describes record linkage of the Canadian Community Health Survey and the Canadian Mortality Database. The article explains the record linkage process and presents results about associations between health behaviours and mortality among a representative sample of Canadians.
Release date: 2016-12-21 - 4. Seniors returning to Canada ArchivedArticles and reports: 75-001-X201200111618Geography: CanadaDescription:
The age and other characteristics of emigrants who return to Canada may have social and economic implications - particularly with respect to transfer programs for seniors. This study uses census data to address several questions related to Canadian residents who previously emigrated to other countries: Do seniors account for a large proportion of returned emigrants? From where do older emigrants return? Do the characteristics of older returned emigrants differ from those of older Canadians who did not live abroad? Do the amounts and sources of income received in old age differ between these groups? How do all these results differ for the Canadian-born versus immigrant returnees?
Release date: 2012-01-30 - 5. Settlements in Canada ArchivedArticles and reports: 16-002-X201100211504Geography: CanadaDescription:
By studying the size and form of settlements over time it is possible to better examine their impact on the physical environment, such as consumption of land and pollution emissions. This article focuses on the characteristics of settlements in terms of land area and population, and the changes that have taken place between 2001 and 2006.
Release date: 2011-06-22 - Articles and reports: 16-002-X201000111134Geography: CanadaDescription:
Settlements are important hubs for residential, commercial and industrial activity, however, the size, structure and form of settlements over time can have a variety of social, economic and environmental implications. Statistics Canada has developed a new concept and dataset to delineate or map boundaries for Canada's settlements. This article presents some of the early geographic results of this project.
Release date: 2010-03-24 - Articles and reports: 82-003-X200601010356Geography: Census metropolitan areaDescription:
This article examines differences in birth outcomes by neighbourhood income and recent immigration for singleton live births in Toronto. The birth data were extracted from hospital discharge abstracts compiled by the Canadian Institute for Health Information.
Release date: 2007-11-13 - Articles and reports: 11F0019M2007289Geography: CanadaDescription:
The degree to which workers leave the country was a much-discussed issue in Canada - as elsewhere - in the latter part of the 1990s, although recent empirical evidence shows that it was not such a widespread phenomenon after all, and that rates of leaving have declined substantially in recent years. One aspect of the international mobility dynamic that has not yet been addressed, however, is the effect on individuals' earnings of leaving the country and then returning. The lack of empirical evidence on this issue stems principally from the unavailability of the kind of longitudinal data required for such an analysis. The contribution of this paper is to present evidence on how leaving and returning to Canada affects individuals' earnings based on an analysis carried out with the Longitudinal Administrative Database. The models estimated use movers' (relative) pre-departure profiles as the basis of comparison for their post-return (relative) earnings patterns in order to control for any pre-existing differences in the earnings profiles of movers and non-movers (while also controlling for other factors that affect individuals' earnings at any point in time).
Overall, those who leave the country have higher earnings than non-movers upon their returns, but most of these differences were already present in the pre-departure period. In terms of net earnings growth, individuals who were away for two to five years appear to do best, and enjoy earnings that are 12% higher in the five years following their return relative to their pre-departure levels (controlling for other factors), while those who leave for just one year have smaller gains, and those who spend longer periods abroad have lower (relative) earnings upon their returns as compared to before leaving (perhaps due to other events associated with their mobility patterns). Interestingly, these gains seem to be concentrated among those who had the lowest pre-move earnings levels (less than $60,000), while those higher up on the earnings ladder had smaller and more variable gains.
Release date: 2007-01-18 - Articles and reports: 11F0019M2006288Geography: CanadaDescription:
This paper exploits the unique strengths of the tax-based Longitudinal Administrative Database to measure the flows of Canadians to other countries and the patterns of return over the period from 1982 to 2003. Overall, approximately 0.1% (i.e., one tenth of 1%) of the adult population leaves the country in any given year. Departure rates have generally moved with the state of the Canadian economy, but the trends have clearly been driven by more than this: declining in the 1980s as the economy was going well; turning up towards the end of the decade, but before the economy began to stall in 1989; rising through the early part of the 1990s as the economy was mired in a deep recession, but then continuing to rise through 1997, by which time a strong recovery was underway; and then declining sharply since 2000-thus stemming what many had thought was an inexorable upwards trend-when economic factors were fairly stable. Departure rates decline with age (except for the youngest group); are lower for couples without children than other family types; are high for those in British Columbia, quite low for Francophone Quebecers, and very high for Anglophones in that province; are somewhat lower for those on Employment Insurance (formerly Unemployment Insurance) and substantially higher for those at higher-income levels; and are very much higher for recent immigrants. Departure rates for those at higher-income levels shifted upwards in the 1990s, but returned to pre-1990s rates in more recent years in the case of men, while the shift was maintained for women. Only a minority of those who leave ever return: about 15% within 5 years of their departure. Return rates have, however, increased significantly since 2000-mirroring to a large extent what was happening on the departure side.
Release date: 2006-11-17 - 10. The Effects of Inter-provincial Mobility on Individuals' Earnings: Panel Model Estimates for Canada ArchivedArticles and reports: 11F0019M2001163Geography: CanadaDescription:
This paper presents the findings of an empirical investigation of the effects of inter-provincial migration on individuals' earnings based on the newly available Longitudinal Administrative Database (LAD). The main results are based on a difference model which estimates the effects of mobility on (log) earnings which implicitly controls for initial earnings levels and other fixed effects, as well as other influences captured by the regressors included in the models. Inter-provincial mobility is found to be associated with statistically significant and in many cases quantitatively substantial changes in individuals' earnings, with these effects varying by age, sex, and province of origin. Pre- and post-move earnings profiles are also analysed, offering support for the validity of the difference model approach and indicating that movers are quickly integrated into local labour markets after their moves. Implications are discussed and possible directions for future research are suggested.
Release date: 2001-10-25
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