Research and development

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  • Articles and reports: 88-003-X200900110817
    Geography: Canada
    Description:

    Investment in research and development (R&D) is important to the economy of a country, and its measurement is an essential component of the Canadian statistical system. The publication, Gross Domestic Expenditures on Research and Development in Canada and the Provinces (GERD), 1997 to 2008 (Statistics Canada, 2008a) provides a statistical picture of the Canadian system of research and development. These data inform public policy, help benchmark Canadian performance against other countries (OECD, 2008 and 2007) and provide essential input to the study of the impact of science and technology on the life of Canadians.

    Release date: 2009-06-05

  • Articles and reports: 88-003-X20060019105
    Geography: Canada
    Description:

    While it may seem like a question that doesn't need asking in some circles, we don't always have all the reasons in a handy list. Furthermore, the longer-term outcomes are more difficult to attribute to any specific activity. While Statistics Canada's framework of Science and Technology Activities and Impacts has guided us for the past seven years, we have agreed that it is time to improve our understanding of the impacts and outcomes.

    Release date: 2006-02-27

  • Articles and reports: 88-003-X20030016469
    Geography: Canada
    Description:

    Once viewed as weak in research and development (R&D) capabilities, the service sector in Canada is emerging as an increasingly attractive place for foreign-controlled firms to practice R&D. This is a reflection of the increasing technological opportunities and expertise offered by the service sector. Multinational corporations often undertake R&D abroad to acquire new insights or apply the knowledge they already have to foreign markets.

    Release date: 2003-02-18

  • Articles and reports: 88-003-X20000035768
    Geography: Canada
    Description:

    Why do innovation surveys produce radically different estimates of the number of R&D performers than R&D surveys? The factors contributing to divergence are presented with detail on selected contributors.

    Release date: 2000-10-06

  • Articles and reports: 11F0019M2000151
    Geography: Canada
    Description:

    This paper examines whether new views of the multinational that see these firms as decentralizing research and development (R&D) activities abroad to exploit local competencies accord with the activities of multinationals in Canada. The paper describes the innovation regime of multinational firms in Canada by examining the differences between foreign- and domestically owned firms. It focuses on the extent to which R&D is used; the type of R&D activity; the importance of R&D relative to other sources of innovative ideas; whether the use of these other ideas indicates that multinationals are closely tied into local innovation networks; the intensity of innovation; and the use that is made of intellectual property rights to protect innovations from being copied by others.

    We find that, far from being passively dependent on R&D from their parents, foreign-owned firms in Canada are more active in R&D than the population of Canadian-owned firms. They are also more often involved in R&D collaboration projects both abroad and in Canada. As expected, foreign subsidiaries enjoy the advantage of accessing technology from their parent and sister companies. While multinationals are more closely tied into a network of related firms for innovative ideas than are domestically owned firms, their local R&D unit is a more important source of information for innovation than are these inter-firm links. Surprisingly, foreign subsidiaries also more frequently report that they are using technology from unrelated firms. Moreover, the multinational is just as likely to develop links into a local university and other local innovation consortia as are domestically owned firms. This evidence indicates that multinationals in Canada are not, on the whole, operating subsidiaries whose scientific development capabilities are truncated - at least not in comparison to domestically owned firms.

    A comparison of the extent and impact of innovation activity of domestically and foreign-owned firms shows that foreign-owned firms innovate in all sectors more frequently than Canadian-owned companies in almost all size categories. They are also more likely to introduce world-first rather than more imitative innovations. Their superiority is most pronounced in the consumer goods sector. Finally, foreign-owned firms are more likely to protect their innovations with patent protection.

    The paper also compares foreign subsidiaries to Canadian corporations that have an international orientation. These additional comparisons show that the two groups of multinationals are quite similar, both with regards to the likelihood that they conduct some form of R&D and that they introduce innovations. These results indicate that it is as much the degree of globalization that the nationality of ownership that affects the degree of innovativeness.

    Overall, the survey results suggest that foreign-owned firms make a significant contribution to technological progress and innovation in Canadian industry.

    Release date: 2000-06-27
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  • Articles and reports: 88-003-X200900110817
    Geography: Canada
    Description:

    Investment in research and development (R&D) is important to the economy of a country, and its measurement is an essential component of the Canadian statistical system. The publication, Gross Domestic Expenditures on Research and Development in Canada and the Provinces (GERD), 1997 to 2008 (Statistics Canada, 2008a) provides a statistical picture of the Canadian system of research and development. These data inform public policy, help benchmark Canadian performance against other countries (OECD, 2008 and 2007) and provide essential input to the study of the impact of science and technology on the life of Canadians.

    Release date: 2009-06-05

  • Articles and reports: 88-003-X20060019105
    Geography: Canada
    Description:

    While it may seem like a question that doesn't need asking in some circles, we don't always have all the reasons in a handy list. Furthermore, the longer-term outcomes are more difficult to attribute to any specific activity. While Statistics Canada's framework of Science and Technology Activities and Impacts has guided us for the past seven years, we have agreed that it is time to improve our understanding of the impacts and outcomes.

    Release date: 2006-02-27

  • Articles and reports: 88-003-X20030016469
    Geography: Canada
    Description:

    Once viewed as weak in research and development (R&D) capabilities, the service sector in Canada is emerging as an increasingly attractive place for foreign-controlled firms to practice R&D. This is a reflection of the increasing technological opportunities and expertise offered by the service sector. Multinational corporations often undertake R&D abroad to acquire new insights or apply the knowledge they already have to foreign markets.

    Release date: 2003-02-18

  • Articles and reports: 88-003-X20000035768
    Geography: Canada
    Description:

    Why do innovation surveys produce radically different estimates of the number of R&D performers than R&D surveys? The factors contributing to divergence are presented with detail on selected contributors.

    Release date: 2000-10-06

  • Articles and reports: 11F0019M2000151
    Geography: Canada
    Description:

    This paper examines whether new views of the multinational that see these firms as decentralizing research and development (R&D) activities abroad to exploit local competencies accord with the activities of multinationals in Canada. The paper describes the innovation regime of multinational firms in Canada by examining the differences between foreign- and domestically owned firms. It focuses on the extent to which R&D is used; the type of R&D activity; the importance of R&D relative to other sources of innovative ideas; whether the use of these other ideas indicates that multinationals are closely tied into local innovation networks; the intensity of innovation; and the use that is made of intellectual property rights to protect innovations from being copied by others.

    We find that, far from being passively dependent on R&D from their parents, foreign-owned firms in Canada are more active in R&D than the population of Canadian-owned firms. They are also more often involved in R&D collaboration projects both abroad and in Canada. As expected, foreign subsidiaries enjoy the advantage of accessing technology from their parent and sister companies. While multinationals are more closely tied into a network of related firms for innovative ideas than are domestically owned firms, their local R&D unit is a more important source of information for innovation than are these inter-firm links. Surprisingly, foreign subsidiaries also more frequently report that they are using technology from unrelated firms. Moreover, the multinational is just as likely to develop links into a local university and other local innovation consortia as are domestically owned firms. This evidence indicates that multinationals in Canada are not, on the whole, operating subsidiaries whose scientific development capabilities are truncated - at least not in comparison to domestically owned firms.

    A comparison of the extent and impact of innovation activity of domestically and foreign-owned firms shows that foreign-owned firms innovate in all sectors more frequently than Canadian-owned companies in almost all size categories. They are also more likely to introduce world-first rather than more imitative innovations. Their superiority is most pronounced in the consumer goods sector. Finally, foreign-owned firms are more likely to protect their innovations with patent protection.

    The paper also compares foreign subsidiaries to Canadian corporations that have an international orientation. These additional comparisons show that the two groups of multinationals are quite similar, both with regards to the likelihood that they conduct some form of R&D and that they introduce innovations. These results indicate that it is as much the degree of globalization that the nationality of ownership that affects the degree of innovativeness.

    Overall, the survey results suggest that foreign-owned firms make a significant contribution to technological progress and innovation in Canadian industry.

    Release date: 2000-06-27
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