Rural Canada
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- 1. More than Just Farming: Employment in Agriculture and Agri-food in Rural and Urban Canada ArchivedArticles and reports: 21-006-X2002008Geography: CanadaDescription:
While the number of census-farms and farm operators is shrinking, the number of jobs in the agriculture and agri-food industry is growing. During the 15-year period from 1981 to 1996, the industry employed 15% of Canada's workforce.
Employment in the agri-food sector has grown faster than the overall Canadian economy and this has offset the decline in employment on farms. In 1981, more people worked on farms than worked in restaurants, bars and taverns. By 1996, this trend had reversed and employment in the food and beverage services sector far outstripped the number of workers on farms.
Food processing is often promoted as part of agricultural policy (to provide a local market for Canadian farmers) and as part of rural development policy (to create jobs in rural areas). However, in 1996, fewer people were working in Canada's food processing sector than in 1981. More food was processed (there was growth in the gross domestic product (GDP) of this sector), but fewer workers were involved. Rural regions adjacent to urban areas gained a greater share of food processing employment, making these regions relatively competitive in keeping food processing workforces.
Employment in the agricultural and agri-food sectors is growing, but the nature of the work and where it is being done is changing.
Release date: 2003-12-11 - Articles and reports: 21-006-X2002007Geography: CanadaDescription:
Rural community economic diversification, or the spreading of the workforce across a variety of industrial sectors, is one solution to the problems facing rural regions and small towns. This makes communities less vulnerable to economic variability, particularly those communities that are heavily dependent on the primary industries sector. From 1986 to 1996, slightly less than one-half of rural communities were diversifying their economies and increasing their workforce. However, there are great differences found among the provinces and within regions. Communities within a region may be geographically close, but may not share the same economic characteristics. This suggests that a community's regional context does not necessarily predict and does not constrain a community's economic possibilities.
Release date: 2003-12-09 - Articles and reports: 21-006-X2002006Geography: CanadaDescription:
The health of Canada's rural people has gained increased attention over the past few years as studies have shown that the health status of those living in rural and remote regions of Canada is lagging behind that of urban residents. The objective of this analysis is to compare a number of key health indicators between rural and urban regions in Canada to determine if the type of region in which a person lives is associated with the health of the population
The analysis for this report is based on data acquired from Statistic Canada's 2000/01 Canadian Community Health Survey. The survey population is segmented into four types of metropolitan regions (large metro-central, large metro-fringe, mid-sized metro and small metro) and four types of non-metropolitan regions (small cities, towns, rural and northern).
This study finds that the self-rated health of Canadians (those reporting their health as excellent) declines from the most urban regions of the nation to the most rural and remote parts. The research points to personal health risk factors including being overweight (i.e., high body mass index) and smoking as being significantly higher in small town regions, rural regions and northern regions of Canada. In addition, the northern regions of Canada show a significantly higher than average share of the population who have high blood pressure or suffer from major depressive episodes. Rural regions (non-metro-adjacent) and small metropolitan regions have a higher than average prevalence of arthritis/rheumatism, even after standardizing for age.
Release date: 2003-10-21 - 4. Rural and Urban Educational Attainment: An Investigation of Patterns and Trends, 1981 - 1996 ArchivedArticles and reports: 21-006-X2002005Geography: CanadaDescription:
The educational attainment of Canadians has risen considerably over the last two decades. The average years of schooling of the population aged 25 to 54 has grown from 11.8 years in 1981 to 13.3 years in 1996. Yet it is generally perceived that spatial disparities in educational attainment remain substantial. This bulletin investigates the spatial patterns in educational attainment and how they have changed since 1981. A better understanding of subprovincial patterns and trends can support federal and provincial policy making in this area of concern.
Release date: 2003-06-12 - Articles and reports: 21-006-X2002004Geography: CanadaDescription:
This paper applies a broad set of disparity measures to subprovincial income data in Canada. The data used in this research come from income tax returns from 1992 to 1999, for about 280 census divisions covering the entire country. This approach provides an understanding of the spatial structure of income disparity with a high level of geographical resolution, which also highlights the evolution of the rural/urban divide. Since the period of study is short, the results are particularly relevant in understanding the spatial characteristics of the growth that occurred during the 1990s.
Release date: 2003-03-31 - 6. Understanding the rural-urban reading gap ArchivedArticles and reports: 81-003-X20020016464Geography: CanadaDescription:
This article uses data from the 2000 Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) to examine differences in reading performance between students in rural and urban schools in each province.
Release date: 2003-02-17 - Articles and reports: 21-006-X2002003Geography: CanadaDescription:
The revitalization of rural areas in Canada remains a priority among policy-makers. Associated with this is an increase in interest in the financial circumstances of females residing in rural areas. Employment is an important indicator of economic circumstance.
This bulletin analyses rural-urban differences in the patterns of employment of males and females. Gender employment discrepancies that are either enhanced or reduced by rurality are revealed. The following employment indicators are examined: 1. overall employment levels and rates; 2. full-time and part-time employment rates; 3. reasons for undertaking part-time employment; 4. paid and unpaid overtime.
Release date: 2003-02-14
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- 1. More than Just Farming: Employment in Agriculture and Agri-food in Rural and Urban Canada ArchivedArticles and reports: 21-006-X2002008Geography: CanadaDescription:
While the number of census-farms and farm operators is shrinking, the number of jobs in the agriculture and agri-food industry is growing. During the 15-year period from 1981 to 1996, the industry employed 15% of Canada's workforce.
Employment in the agri-food sector has grown faster than the overall Canadian economy and this has offset the decline in employment on farms. In 1981, more people worked on farms than worked in restaurants, bars and taverns. By 1996, this trend had reversed and employment in the food and beverage services sector far outstripped the number of workers on farms.
Food processing is often promoted as part of agricultural policy (to provide a local market for Canadian farmers) and as part of rural development policy (to create jobs in rural areas). However, in 1996, fewer people were working in Canada's food processing sector than in 1981. More food was processed (there was growth in the gross domestic product (GDP) of this sector), but fewer workers were involved. Rural regions adjacent to urban areas gained a greater share of food processing employment, making these regions relatively competitive in keeping food processing workforces.
Employment in the agricultural and agri-food sectors is growing, but the nature of the work and where it is being done is changing.
Release date: 2003-12-11 - Articles and reports: 21-006-X2002007Geography: CanadaDescription:
Rural community economic diversification, or the spreading of the workforce across a variety of industrial sectors, is one solution to the problems facing rural regions and small towns. This makes communities less vulnerable to economic variability, particularly those communities that are heavily dependent on the primary industries sector. From 1986 to 1996, slightly less than one-half of rural communities were diversifying their economies and increasing their workforce. However, there are great differences found among the provinces and within regions. Communities within a region may be geographically close, but may not share the same economic characteristics. This suggests that a community's regional context does not necessarily predict and does not constrain a community's economic possibilities.
Release date: 2003-12-09 - Articles and reports: 21-006-X2002006Geography: CanadaDescription:
The health of Canada's rural people has gained increased attention over the past few years as studies have shown that the health status of those living in rural and remote regions of Canada is lagging behind that of urban residents. The objective of this analysis is to compare a number of key health indicators between rural and urban regions in Canada to determine if the type of region in which a person lives is associated with the health of the population
The analysis for this report is based on data acquired from Statistic Canada's 2000/01 Canadian Community Health Survey. The survey population is segmented into four types of metropolitan regions (large metro-central, large metro-fringe, mid-sized metro and small metro) and four types of non-metropolitan regions (small cities, towns, rural and northern).
This study finds that the self-rated health of Canadians (those reporting their health as excellent) declines from the most urban regions of the nation to the most rural and remote parts. The research points to personal health risk factors including being overweight (i.e., high body mass index) and smoking as being significantly higher in small town regions, rural regions and northern regions of Canada. In addition, the northern regions of Canada show a significantly higher than average share of the population who have high blood pressure or suffer from major depressive episodes. Rural regions (non-metro-adjacent) and small metropolitan regions have a higher than average prevalence of arthritis/rheumatism, even after standardizing for age.
Release date: 2003-10-21 - 4. Rural and Urban Educational Attainment: An Investigation of Patterns and Trends, 1981 - 1996 ArchivedArticles and reports: 21-006-X2002005Geography: CanadaDescription:
The educational attainment of Canadians has risen considerably over the last two decades. The average years of schooling of the population aged 25 to 54 has grown from 11.8 years in 1981 to 13.3 years in 1996. Yet it is generally perceived that spatial disparities in educational attainment remain substantial. This bulletin investigates the spatial patterns in educational attainment and how they have changed since 1981. A better understanding of subprovincial patterns and trends can support federal and provincial policy making in this area of concern.
Release date: 2003-06-12 - Articles and reports: 21-006-X2002004Geography: CanadaDescription:
This paper applies a broad set of disparity measures to subprovincial income data in Canada. The data used in this research come from income tax returns from 1992 to 1999, for about 280 census divisions covering the entire country. This approach provides an understanding of the spatial structure of income disparity with a high level of geographical resolution, which also highlights the evolution of the rural/urban divide. Since the period of study is short, the results are particularly relevant in understanding the spatial characteristics of the growth that occurred during the 1990s.
Release date: 2003-03-31 - 6. Understanding the rural-urban reading gap ArchivedArticles and reports: 81-003-X20020016464Geography: CanadaDescription:
This article uses data from the 2000 Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) to examine differences in reading performance between students in rural and urban schools in each province.
Release date: 2003-02-17 - Articles and reports: 21-006-X2002003Geography: CanadaDescription:
The revitalization of rural areas in Canada remains a priority among policy-makers. Associated with this is an increase in interest in the financial circumstances of females residing in rural areas. Employment is an important indicator of economic circumstance.
This bulletin analyses rural-urban differences in the patterns of employment of males and females. Gender employment discrepancies that are either enhanced or reduced by rurality are revealed. The following employment indicators are examined: 1. overall employment levels and rates; 2. full-time and part-time employment rates; 3. reasons for undertaking part-time employment; 4. paid and unpaid overtime.
Release date: 2003-02-14
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