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- Stats in brief: 11-627-M2022016Description:
This infographic explains the steps involved in collecting data for all Statistics Canada household and business surveys. The responses are compiled, analyzed and used to make important decisions and are kept strictly confidential.
Release date: 2022-02-28 - Articles and reports: 11-522-X202100100009Description:
Use of auxiliary data to improve the efficiency of estimators of totals and means through model-assisted survey regression estimation has received considerable attention in recent years. Generalized regression (GREG) estimators, based on a working linear regression model, are currently used in establishment surveys at Statistics Canada and several other statistical agencies. GREG estimators use common survey weights for all study variables and calibrate to known population totals of auxiliary variables. Increasingly, many auxiliary variables are available, some of which may be extraneous. This leads to unstable GREG weights when all the available auxiliary variables, including interactions among categorical variables, are used in the working linear regression model. On the other hand, new machine learning methods, such as regression trees and lasso, automatically select significant auxiliary variables and lead to stable nonnegative weights and possible efficiency gains over GREG. In this paper, a simulation study, based on a real business survey sample data set treated as the target population, is conducted to study the relative performance of GREG, regression trees and lasso in terms of efficiency of the estimators.
Key Words: Model assisted inference; calibration estimation; model selection; generalized regression estimator.
Release date: 2021-10-29 - Articles and reports: 11-522-X202100100018Description: Statistics Finland started publishing nowcasts of the trend indicator of output (TIO), the monthly indicator of real economic activity, to answer users´ needs during the Covid-19 pandemic. The indicator was first published in April 2020, at the very beginning of the pandemic in Finland, and had a monthly release schedule until June 2021. The TIO nowcasts are produced using open-source data on truck traffic volumes at about 100 automatic measuring points in the Helsinki/Uusimaa -region and the Economic Sentiment Indicator for Finland. Estimation is done using a machine learning approach and the methodology is based on previous work done by Statistics Finland and ETLA Economic Research.
Key Words: nowcasting; flash estimates; machine learning; experimental statistics.
Release date: 2021-10-29 - 4. The Measurement of Business Ownership by Gender in the Canadian Employer–Employee Dynamics Database ArchivedArticles and reports: 11-633-X2018017Description:
Understanding women’s business ownership and the performance of women-owned enterprises is important for designing policies to promote gender equality in leadership, economic empowerment of women and inclusive growth. However, evidence on business ownership by gender remains scarce because of the lack of comprehensive data. The study, Women-owned Enterprises in Canada (Grekou, Li and Liu, 2018), fills the data gap by identifying business ownership by gender using a newly developed administrative dataset—the Canadian Employer–Employee Dynamics Database (CEEDD). The dataset contains business owner information for all unincorporated enterprises and private corporations in Canada. This paper discusses the methodology adopted to establish the gender structure of business ownership. It then presents estimates of business ownership by gender (men or women majority ownership and equal ownership). Finally, it analyzes the sensitivity of these estimates and compares them with those calculated using other data sources.
Release date: 2018-09-24 - Articles and reports: 12-001-X201700114822Description:
We use a Bayesian method to infer about a finite population proportion when binary data are collected using a two-fold sample design from small areas. The two-fold sample design has a two-stage cluster sample design within each area. A former hierarchical Bayesian model assumes that for each area the first stage binary responses are independent Bernoulli distributions, and the probabilities have beta distributions which are parameterized by a mean and a correlation coefficient. The means vary with areas but the correlation is the same over areas. However, to gain some flexibility we have now extended this model to accommodate different correlations. The means and the correlations have independent beta distributions. We call the former model a homogeneous model and the new model a heterogeneous model. All hyperparameters have proper noninformative priors. An additional complexity is that some of the parameters are weakly identified making it difficult to use a standard Gibbs sampler for computation. So we have used unimodal constraints for the beta prior distributions and a blocked Gibbs sampler to perform the computation. We have compared the heterogeneous and homogeneous models using an illustrative example and simulation study. As expected, the two-fold model with heterogeneous correlations is preferred.
Release date: 2017-06-22 - Surveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 91F0015M2016012Description:
This article provides information on using family-related variables from the microdata files of Canada’s Census of Population. These files exist internally at Statistics Canada, in the Research Data Centres (RDCs), and as public-use microdata files (PUMFs). This article explains certain technical aspects of all three versions, including the creation of multi-level variables for analytical purposes.
Release date: 2016-12-22 - Articles and reports: 11-633-X2016004Description:
Understanding the importance of the dynamic entry process in the Canadian economy involves measuring the amount and size of firm entry. The paper presents estimates of the importance of firm entry in Canada. It uses the database underlying the Longitudinal Employment Analysis Program (LEAP), which has produced measures of firm entry and exit since 1988. This paper discusses the methodology used to estimate entry and exit, the issues that had to be resolved and the reasons for choosing the particular solutions that were adopted. It then presents measures that are derived from LEAP. Finally, it analyzes the sensitivity of the estimates associated with LEAP to alternative methods of estimating entry and exit.
Release date: 2016-11-10 - Articles and reports: 11-633-X2016003Description:
Large national mortality cohorts are used to estimate mortality rates for different socioeconomic and population groups, and to conduct research on environmental health. In 2008, Statistics Canada created a cohort linking the 1991 Census to mortality. The present study describes a linkage of the 2001 Census long-form questionnaire respondents aged 19 years and older to the T1 Personal Master File and the Amalgamated Mortality Database. The linkage tracks all deaths over a 10.6-year period (until the end of 2011, to date).
Release date: 2016-10-26 - 9. Providing Meaningful and Actionable Health System Performance Information: CIHI’s ‘Your Health System’ Tools ArchivedArticles and reports: 11-522-X201700014756Description:
How can we bring together multidimensional health system performance data in a simplified way that is easy to access and provides comparable and actionable information to accelerate improvements in health care? The Canadian Institute for Health Information has developed a suite of tools to meet performance measurement needs across different audiences, to identify improvement priorities, understand how health regions and facilities compare with peers and support transparency and accountability. The pan-Canadian tools [Your Health System (YHS)] consolidates reporting of 45 key performance indicators in a structured way, and are comparable over time and at different geographic levels. This paper outlines the development and the methodological approaches and considerations taken to create a dynamic tool that facilitates benchmarking and meaningful comparisons for health system performance improvement.
Release date: 2016-03-24 - 10. Using personal health insurance numbers to link the Canadian Cancer Registry and the Discharge Abstract Database ArchivedArticles and reports: 82-003-X201500614196Description:
This study investigates the feasibility and validity of using personal health insurance numbers to deterministically link the CCR and the Discharge Abstract Database to obtain hospitalization information about people with primary cancers.
Release date: 2015-06-17
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Analysis (26)
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- Stats in brief: 11-627-M2022016Description:
This infographic explains the steps involved in collecting data for all Statistics Canada household and business surveys. The responses are compiled, analyzed and used to make important decisions and are kept strictly confidential.
Release date: 2022-02-28 - Articles and reports: 11-522-X202100100009Description:
Use of auxiliary data to improve the efficiency of estimators of totals and means through model-assisted survey regression estimation has received considerable attention in recent years. Generalized regression (GREG) estimators, based on a working linear regression model, are currently used in establishment surveys at Statistics Canada and several other statistical agencies. GREG estimators use common survey weights for all study variables and calibrate to known population totals of auxiliary variables. Increasingly, many auxiliary variables are available, some of which may be extraneous. This leads to unstable GREG weights when all the available auxiliary variables, including interactions among categorical variables, are used in the working linear regression model. On the other hand, new machine learning methods, such as regression trees and lasso, automatically select significant auxiliary variables and lead to stable nonnegative weights and possible efficiency gains over GREG. In this paper, a simulation study, based on a real business survey sample data set treated as the target population, is conducted to study the relative performance of GREG, regression trees and lasso in terms of efficiency of the estimators.
Key Words: Model assisted inference; calibration estimation; model selection; generalized regression estimator.
Release date: 2021-10-29 - Articles and reports: 11-522-X202100100018Description: Statistics Finland started publishing nowcasts of the trend indicator of output (TIO), the monthly indicator of real economic activity, to answer users´ needs during the Covid-19 pandemic. The indicator was first published in April 2020, at the very beginning of the pandemic in Finland, and had a monthly release schedule until June 2021. The TIO nowcasts are produced using open-source data on truck traffic volumes at about 100 automatic measuring points in the Helsinki/Uusimaa -region and the Economic Sentiment Indicator for Finland. Estimation is done using a machine learning approach and the methodology is based on previous work done by Statistics Finland and ETLA Economic Research.
Key Words: nowcasting; flash estimates; machine learning; experimental statistics.
Release date: 2021-10-29 - 4. The Measurement of Business Ownership by Gender in the Canadian Employer–Employee Dynamics Database ArchivedArticles and reports: 11-633-X2018017Description:
Understanding women’s business ownership and the performance of women-owned enterprises is important for designing policies to promote gender equality in leadership, economic empowerment of women and inclusive growth. However, evidence on business ownership by gender remains scarce because of the lack of comprehensive data. The study, Women-owned Enterprises in Canada (Grekou, Li and Liu, 2018), fills the data gap by identifying business ownership by gender using a newly developed administrative dataset—the Canadian Employer–Employee Dynamics Database (CEEDD). The dataset contains business owner information for all unincorporated enterprises and private corporations in Canada. This paper discusses the methodology adopted to establish the gender structure of business ownership. It then presents estimates of business ownership by gender (men or women majority ownership and equal ownership). Finally, it analyzes the sensitivity of these estimates and compares them with those calculated using other data sources.
Release date: 2018-09-24 - Articles and reports: 12-001-X201700114822Description:
We use a Bayesian method to infer about a finite population proportion when binary data are collected using a two-fold sample design from small areas. The two-fold sample design has a two-stage cluster sample design within each area. A former hierarchical Bayesian model assumes that for each area the first stage binary responses are independent Bernoulli distributions, and the probabilities have beta distributions which are parameterized by a mean and a correlation coefficient. The means vary with areas but the correlation is the same over areas. However, to gain some flexibility we have now extended this model to accommodate different correlations. The means and the correlations have independent beta distributions. We call the former model a homogeneous model and the new model a heterogeneous model. All hyperparameters have proper noninformative priors. An additional complexity is that some of the parameters are weakly identified making it difficult to use a standard Gibbs sampler for computation. So we have used unimodal constraints for the beta prior distributions and a blocked Gibbs sampler to perform the computation. We have compared the heterogeneous and homogeneous models using an illustrative example and simulation study. As expected, the two-fold model with heterogeneous correlations is preferred.
Release date: 2017-06-22 - Articles and reports: 11-633-X2016004Description:
Understanding the importance of the dynamic entry process in the Canadian economy involves measuring the amount and size of firm entry. The paper presents estimates of the importance of firm entry in Canada. It uses the database underlying the Longitudinal Employment Analysis Program (LEAP), which has produced measures of firm entry and exit since 1988. This paper discusses the methodology used to estimate entry and exit, the issues that had to be resolved and the reasons for choosing the particular solutions that were adopted. It then presents measures that are derived from LEAP. Finally, it analyzes the sensitivity of the estimates associated with LEAP to alternative methods of estimating entry and exit.
Release date: 2016-11-10 - Articles and reports: 11-633-X2016003Description:
Large national mortality cohorts are used to estimate mortality rates for different socioeconomic and population groups, and to conduct research on environmental health. In 2008, Statistics Canada created a cohort linking the 1991 Census to mortality. The present study describes a linkage of the 2001 Census long-form questionnaire respondents aged 19 years and older to the T1 Personal Master File and the Amalgamated Mortality Database. The linkage tracks all deaths over a 10.6-year period (until the end of 2011, to date).
Release date: 2016-10-26 - 8. Providing Meaningful and Actionable Health System Performance Information: CIHI’s ‘Your Health System’ Tools ArchivedArticles and reports: 11-522-X201700014756Description:
How can we bring together multidimensional health system performance data in a simplified way that is easy to access and provides comparable and actionable information to accelerate improvements in health care? The Canadian Institute for Health Information has developed a suite of tools to meet performance measurement needs across different audiences, to identify improvement priorities, understand how health regions and facilities compare with peers and support transparency and accountability. The pan-Canadian tools [Your Health System (YHS)] consolidates reporting of 45 key performance indicators in a structured way, and are comparable over time and at different geographic levels. This paper outlines the development and the methodological approaches and considerations taken to create a dynamic tool that facilitates benchmarking and meaningful comparisons for health system performance improvement.
Release date: 2016-03-24 - Articles and reports: 82-003-X201500614196Description:
This study investigates the feasibility and validity of using personal health insurance numbers to deterministically link the CCR and the Discharge Abstract Database to obtain hospitalization information about people with primary cancers.
Release date: 2015-06-17 - 10. Chi-squared tests in dual frame surveys ArchivedArticles and reports: 12-001-X201400214096Description:
In order to obtain better coverage of the population of interest and cost less, a number of surveys employ dual frame structure, in which independent samples are taken from two overlapping sampling frames. This research considers chi-squared tests in dual frame surveys when categorical data is encountered. We extend generalized Wald’s test (Wald 1943), Rao-Scott first-order and second-order corrected tests (Rao and Scott 1981) from a single survey to a dual frame survey and derive the asymptotic distributions. Simulation studies show that both Rao-Scott type corrected tests work well and thus are recommended for use in dual frame surveys. An example is given to illustrate the usage of the developed tests.
Release date: 2014-12-19
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- Surveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 91F0015M2016012Description:
This article provides information on using family-related variables from the microdata files of Canada’s Census of Population. These files exist internally at Statistics Canada, in the Research Data Centres (RDCs), and as public-use microdata files (PUMFs). This article explains certain technical aspects of all three versions, including the creation of multi-level variables for analytical purposes.
Release date: 2016-12-22 - Surveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 75F0002M1993014Description:
This paper presents the results from test 3A of the Survey of Labour and Income Dynamics (SLID), conducted in January 1993, with a view to identify any necessary changes to the questions or to the algorithm used to derive labour force status.
Release date: 1995-12-30
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