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All (187)

All (187) (0 to 10 of 187 results)

  • 1. Reconstruction attack risk using Statistics Canada Census Data Archived
    Articles and reports: 11-522-X202200100008
    Description: The publication of more disaggregated data can increase transparency and provide important information on underrepresented groups. Developing more readily available access options increases the amount of information available to and produced by researchers. Increasing the breadth and depth of the information released allows for a better representation of the Canadian population, but also puts a greater responsibility on Statistics Canada to do this in a way that preserves confidentiality, and thus it is helpful to develop tools which allow Statistics Canada to quantify the risk from the additional data granularity. In an effort to evaluate the risk of a database reconstruction attack on Statistics Canada’s published Census data, this investigation follows the strategy of the US Census Bureau, who outlined a method to use a Boolean satisfiability (SAT) solver to reconstruct individual attributes of residents of a hypothetical US Census block, based just on a table of summary statistics. The technique is expanded to attempt to reconstruct a small fraction of Statistics Canada’s Census microdata. This paper will discuss the findings of the investigation, the challenges involved in mounting a reconstruction attack, and the effect of an existing confidentiality measure in mitigating these attacks. Furthermore, the existing strategy is compared to other potential methods used to protect data – in particular, releasing tabular data perturbed by some random mechanism, such as those suggested by differential privacy.
    Release date: 2024-03-25
  • 2. Evaluating sampling methods for ethnic minorities Archived
    Articles and reports: 11-522-X202200100014
    Description: Ethnic minorities are often underrepresented in survey research, due to the challenges many researchers face in including these populations. While some studies discuss several methods in comparison, few have directly compared these methods empirically, leaving researchers seeking to include ethnic minorities in their studies unsure of their best options. In this article, I briefly review the methodological and ethical reasons for increasing ethnic minority representation in social science research, as well as challenges of doing so. I then present findings from ten studies which empirically compare methods of sampling and/or recruiting ethnic minority individuals. Finally, I discuss some implications for future research.
    Release date: 2024-03-25
  • 3. Analytical Studies: Methods and References
    Journals and periodicals: 11-633-X
    Description: Papers in this series provide background discussions of the methods used to develop data for economic, health, and social analytical studies at Statistics Canada. They are intended to provide readers with information on the statistical methods, standards and definitions used to develop databases for research purposes. All papers in this series have undergone peer and institutional review to ensure that they conform to Statistics Canada's mandate and adhere to generally accepted standards of good professional practice.
    Release date: 2024-01-22
  • 4. Dealing with undercoverage for non-probability survey samples
    Articles and reports: 12-001-X202300200005
    Description: Population undercoverage is one of the main hurdles faced by statistical analysis with non-probability survey samples. We discuss two typical scenarios of undercoverage, namely, stochastic undercoverage and deterministic undercoverage. We argue that existing estimation methods under the positivity assumption on the propensity scores (i.e., the participation probabilities) can be directly applied to handle the scenario of stochastic undercoverage. We explore strategies for mitigating biases in estimating the mean of the target population under deterministic undercoverage. In particular, we examine a split population approach based on a convex hull formulation, and construct estimators with reduced biases. A doubly robust estimator can be constructed if a followup subsample of the reference probability survey with measurements on the study variable becomes feasible. Performances of six competing estimators are investigated through a simulation study and issues which require further investigation are briefly discussed.
    Release date: 2024-01-03
  • 5. Mapping Production Activity in Yukon: Experimental Indexes of Grid Square-based Gross Domestic Product
    Articles and reports: 11-633-X2023003
    Description: This paper spans the academic work and estimation strategies used in national statistics offices. It addresses the issue of producing fine, grid-level geography estimates for Canada by exploring the measurement of subprovincial and subterritorial gross domestic product using Yukon as a test case.
    Release date: 2023-12-15
  • 6. Methods for Constructing Life Tables for Canada, Provinces and Territories
    Surveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 84-538-X
    Geography: Canada
    Description: This electronic publication presents the methodology underlying the production of the life tables for Canada, provinces and territories.
    Release date: 2023-08-28
  • 7. One-sided testing of population domain means in surveys
    Articles and reports: 12-001-X202300100001
    Description: Recent work in survey domain estimation allows for estimation of population domain means under a priori assumptions expressed in terms of linear inequality constraints. For example, it might be known that the population means are non-decreasing along ordered domains. Imposing the constraints has been shown to provide estimators with smaller variance and tighter confidence intervals. In this paper we consider a formal test of the null hypothesis that all the constraints are binding, versus the alternative that at least one constraint is non-binding. The test of constant versus increasing domain means is a special case. The power of the test is substantially better than the test with the same null hypothesis and an unconstrained alternative. The new test is used with data from the National Survey of College Graduates, to show that salaries are positively related to the subject’s father’s educational level, across fields of study and over several years of cohorts.
    Release date: 2023-06-30
  • 8. Survey data integration for regression analysis using model calibration
    Articles and reports: 12-001-X202300100002
    Description: We consider regression analysis in the context of data integration. To combine partial information from external sources, we employ the idea of model calibration which introduces a “working” reduced model based on the observed covariates. The working reduced model is not necessarily correctly specified but can be a useful device to incorporate the partial information from the external data. The actual implementation is based on a novel application of the information projection and model calibration weighting. The proposed method is particularly attractive for combining information from several sources with different missing patterns. The proposed method is applied to a real data example combining survey data from Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey and big data from National Health Insurance Sharing Service in Korea.
    Release date: 2023-06-30
  • 9. Sustainable Development Goals: Goal 7, Affordable and Clean Energy
    Articles and reports: 11-637-X202200100007
    Description:

    As the seventh goal outlined in the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, Canada and other UN member states have committed to ensure access to affordable, reliable, sustainable and modern energy for all by 2030. This 2022 infographic provides an overview of indicators underlying the seventh Sustainable Development Goal in support of affordable and clean energy, and the statistics and data sources used to monitor and report on this goal in Canada.

    Release date: 2022-12-13
  • 10. Sustainable Development Goals: Goal 8, Decent Work and Economic Growth
    Articles and reports: 11-637-X202200100008
    Description:

    As the eighth goal outlined in the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, Canada and other UN member states have committed to promote sustained, inclusive and sustainable economic growth, full and productive employment and decent work for all by 2030. This 2022 infographic provides an overview of indicators underlying the eighth Sustainable Development Goal in support of decent work and economic growth, and the statistics and data sources used to monitor and report on this goal in Canada.

    Release date: 2022-12-13
Data (1)

Data (1) ((1 result))

  • 1. Income divergence index (D-index) by census tract
    Table: 11-10-0074-01
    Geography: Census tract
    Frequency: Occasional
    Description:

    The divergence index (D-index) describes the degree that families with different income levels are mixing together in neighbourhoods. It compares neighbourhood (census tract, CT) discrete income distributions to a base distribution, which is the income quintiles of the neighbourhood’s census metropolitan area (CMA).

    Release date: 2020-06-22
Analysis (179)

Analysis (179) (0 to 10 of 179 results)

  • 1. Reconstruction attack risk using Statistics Canada Census Data Archived
    Articles and reports: 11-522-X202200100008
    Description: The publication of more disaggregated data can increase transparency and provide important information on underrepresented groups. Developing more readily available access options increases the amount of information available to and produced by researchers. Increasing the breadth and depth of the information released allows for a better representation of the Canadian population, but also puts a greater responsibility on Statistics Canada to do this in a way that preserves confidentiality, and thus it is helpful to develop tools which allow Statistics Canada to quantify the risk from the additional data granularity. In an effort to evaluate the risk of a database reconstruction attack on Statistics Canada’s published Census data, this investigation follows the strategy of the US Census Bureau, who outlined a method to use a Boolean satisfiability (SAT) solver to reconstruct individual attributes of residents of a hypothetical US Census block, based just on a table of summary statistics. The technique is expanded to attempt to reconstruct a small fraction of Statistics Canada’s Census microdata. This paper will discuss the findings of the investigation, the challenges involved in mounting a reconstruction attack, and the effect of an existing confidentiality measure in mitigating these attacks. Furthermore, the existing strategy is compared to other potential methods used to protect data – in particular, releasing tabular data perturbed by some random mechanism, such as those suggested by differential privacy.
    Release date: 2024-03-25
  • 2. Evaluating sampling methods for ethnic minorities Archived
    Articles and reports: 11-522-X202200100014
    Description: Ethnic minorities are often underrepresented in survey research, due to the challenges many researchers face in including these populations. While some studies discuss several methods in comparison, few have directly compared these methods empirically, leaving researchers seeking to include ethnic minorities in their studies unsure of their best options. In this article, I briefly review the methodological and ethical reasons for increasing ethnic minority representation in social science research, as well as challenges of doing so. I then present findings from ten studies which empirically compare methods of sampling and/or recruiting ethnic minority individuals. Finally, I discuss some implications for future research.
    Release date: 2024-03-25
  • 3. Analytical Studies: Methods and References
    Journals and periodicals: 11-633-X
    Description: Papers in this series provide background discussions of the methods used to develop data for economic, health, and social analytical studies at Statistics Canada. They are intended to provide readers with information on the statistical methods, standards and definitions used to develop databases for research purposes. All papers in this series have undergone peer and institutional review to ensure that they conform to Statistics Canada's mandate and adhere to generally accepted standards of good professional practice.
    Release date: 2024-01-22
  • 4. Dealing with undercoverage for non-probability survey samples
    Articles and reports: 12-001-X202300200005
    Description: Population undercoverage is one of the main hurdles faced by statistical analysis with non-probability survey samples. We discuss two typical scenarios of undercoverage, namely, stochastic undercoverage and deterministic undercoverage. We argue that existing estimation methods under the positivity assumption on the propensity scores (i.e., the participation probabilities) can be directly applied to handle the scenario of stochastic undercoverage. We explore strategies for mitigating biases in estimating the mean of the target population under deterministic undercoverage. In particular, we examine a split population approach based on a convex hull formulation, and construct estimators with reduced biases. A doubly robust estimator can be constructed if a followup subsample of the reference probability survey with measurements on the study variable becomes feasible. Performances of six competing estimators are investigated through a simulation study and issues which require further investigation are briefly discussed.
    Release date: 2024-01-03
  • 5. Mapping Production Activity in Yukon: Experimental Indexes of Grid Square-based Gross Domestic Product
    Articles and reports: 11-633-X2023003
    Description: This paper spans the academic work and estimation strategies used in national statistics offices. It addresses the issue of producing fine, grid-level geography estimates for Canada by exploring the measurement of subprovincial and subterritorial gross domestic product using Yukon as a test case.
    Release date: 2023-12-15
  • 6. One-sided testing of population domain means in surveys
    Articles and reports: 12-001-X202300100001
    Description: Recent work in survey domain estimation allows for estimation of population domain means under a priori assumptions expressed in terms of linear inequality constraints. For example, it might be known that the population means are non-decreasing along ordered domains. Imposing the constraints has been shown to provide estimators with smaller variance and tighter confidence intervals. In this paper we consider a formal test of the null hypothesis that all the constraints are binding, versus the alternative that at least one constraint is non-binding. The test of constant versus increasing domain means is a special case. The power of the test is substantially better than the test with the same null hypothesis and an unconstrained alternative. The new test is used with data from the National Survey of College Graduates, to show that salaries are positively related to the subject’s father’s educational level, across fields of study and over several years of cohorts.
    Release date: 2023-06-30
  • 7. Survey data integration for regression analysis using model calibration
    Articles and reports: 12-001-X202300100002
    Description: We consider regression analysis in the context of data integration. To combine partial information from external sources, we employ the idea of model calibration which introduces a “working” reduced model based on the observed covariates. The working reduced model is not necessarily correctly specified but can be a useful device to incorporate the partial information from the external data. The actual implementation is based on a novel application of the information projection and model calibration weighting. The proposed method is particularly attractive for combining information from several sources with different missing patterns. The proposed method is applied to a real data example combining survey data from Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey and big data from National Health Insurance Sharing Service in Korea.
    Release date: 2023-06-30
  • 8. Sustainable Development Goals: Goal 7, Affordable and Clean Energy
    Articles and reports: 11-637-X202200100007
    Description:

    As the seventh goal outlined in the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, Canada and other UN member states have committed to ensure access to affordable, reliable, sustainable and modern energy for all by 2030. This 2022 infographic provides an overview of indicators underlying the seventh Sustainable Development Goal in support of affordable and clean energy, and the statistics and data sources used to monitor and report on this goal in Canada.

    Release date: 2022-12-13
  • 9. Sustainable Development Goals: Goal 8, Decent Work and Economic Growth
    Articles and reports: 11-637-X202200100008
    Description:

    As the eighth goal outlined in the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, Canada and other UN member states have committed to promote sustained, inclusive and sustainable economic growth, full and productive employment and decent work for all by 2030. This 2022 infographic provides an overview of indicators underlying the eighth Sustainable Development Goal in support of decent work and economic growth, and the statistics and data sources used to monitor and report on this goal in Canada.

    Release date: 2022-12-13
  • 10. Sustainable Development Goals: Goal 9, Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure
    Articles and reports: 11-637-X202200100009
    Description:

    As the ninth goal outlined in the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, Canada and other UN member states have committed to build resilient infrastructure, promote inclusive and sustainable industrialization and foster innovation by 2030. This 2022 infographic provides an overview of indicators underlying the ninth Sustainable Development Goal in support of industry, innovation and infrastructure, and the statistics and data sources used to monitor and report on this goal in Canada.

    Release date: 2022-12-13
Reference (7)

Reference (7) ((7 results))

  • 1. Methods for Constructing Life Tables for Canada, Provinces and Territories
    Surveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 84-538-X
    Geography: Canada
    Description: This electronic publication presents the methodology underlying the production of the life tables for Canada, provinces and territories.
    Release date: 2023-08-28
  • 2. Canadian Cancer Registry System Guide, 2007 Edition Archived
    Surveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 82-225-X200701010508
    Description:

    The Record Linkage Overview describes the process used in annual internal record linkage of the Canadian Cancer Registry. The steps include: preparation; pre-processing; record linkage; post-processing; analysis and resolution; resolution entry; and, resolution processing.

    Release date: 2008-01-18
  • 3. Using the postal code as merge key for independent data files: matching data from the Canadian Census and an administrative file of school test scores in Quebec Archived
    Surveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 11-522-X20050019476
    Description:

    The paper will show how, using data published by Statistics Canada and available from member libraries of the CREPUQ, a linkage approach using postal codes makes it possible to link the data from the outcomes file to a set of contextual variables. These variables could then contribute to producing, on an exploratory basis, a better index to explain the varied outcomes of students from schools. In terms of the impact, the proposed index could show more effectively the limitations of ranking students and schools when this information is not given sufficient weight.

    Release date: 2007-03-02
  • 4. The Integrated Approach to Economic Surveys in Canada Archived
    Surveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 68-514-X
    Description:

    Statistics Canada's approach to gathering and disseminating economic data has developed over several decades into a highly integrated system for collection and estimation that feeds the framework of the Canadian System of National Accounts.

    The key to this approach was creation of the Unified Enterprise Survey, the goal of which was to improve the consistency, coherence, breadth and depth of business survey data.

    The UES did so by bringing many of Statistics Canada's individual annual business surveys under a common framework. This framework included a single survey frame, a sample design framework, conceptual harmonization of survey content, means of using relevant administrative data, common data collection, processing and analysis tools, and a common data warehouse.

    Release date: 2006-11-20
  • 5. The Longitudinal Administrative Databank (LAD) and the Longitudinal Immigration Database (IMDB): Building the LAD_IMDB - A Technical Paper Archived
    Surveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 89-612-X
    Description:

    This paper describes the structure and linkage of two databases: the Longitudinal Administrative Databank (LAD), and the Longitudinal Immigration Database (IMDB). The combined data associate landed immigrant taxfilers on the LAD with their key characteristics upon immigration. The paper highlights how the combined information, referred to here as the LAD_IMDB, enhances and complements the existing separate databases. The paper compares the full IMDB file with the sample of immigrants to assess the representativeness of the sample file.

    Release date: 2004-01-05
  • 6. Linking Provincial Student Assessments with National and International Assessments Archived
    Surveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 81-595-M2003005
    Geography: Canada
    Description:

    This paper develops technical procedures that may enable ministries of education to link provincial tests with national and international tests in order to compare standards and report results on a common scale.

    Release date: 2003-05-29
  • 7. An Overview of the Issues Related to the Use of Personal Identifiers Archived
    Surveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 85-602-X
    Description:

    The purpose of this report is to provide an overview of existing methods and techniques making use of personal identifiers to support record linkage. Record linkage can be loosely defined as a methodology for manipulating and / or transforming personal identifiers from individual data records from one or more operational databases and subsequently attempting to match these personal identifiers to create a composite record about an individual. Record linkage is not intended to uniquely identify individuals for operational purposes; however, it does provide probabilistic matches of varying degrees of reliability for use in statistical reporting. Techniques employed in record linkage may also be of use for investigative purposes to help narrow the field of search against existing databases when some form of personal identification information exists.

    Release date: 2000-12-05
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