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  • Articles and reports: 11-633-X2018018
    Description:

    This paper describes the data sources and methods used to backcast provincial and territorial income-based gross domestic product (GDP), expenditure-based GDP, real gross domestic income, unemployment rates, depreciation rates and urbanization rates. Nevertheless, estimates can be produced that are very close and which are useful for understanding the evolution of the provincial and territorial economies. Instrumental variable techniques are used to estimate the historical movements of these economic variables back to 1950.

    Release date: 2018-11-02

  • Articles and reports: 11-633-X2018017
    Description:

    Understanding women’s business ownership and the performance of women-owned enterprises is important for designing policies to promote gender equality in leadership, economic empowerment of women and inclusive growth. However, evidence on business ownership by gender remains scarce because of the lack of comprehensive data. The study, Women-owned Enterprises in Canada (Grekou, Li and Liu, 2018), fills the data gap by identifying business ownership by gender using a newly developed administrative dataset—the Canadian Employer–Employee Dynamics Database (CEEDD). The dataset contains business owner information for all unincorporated enterprises and private corporations in Canada. This paper discusses the methodology adopted to establish the gender structure of business ownership. It then presents estimates of business ownership by gender (men or women majority ownership and equal ownership). Finally, it analyzes the sensitivity of these estimates and compares them with those calculated using other data sources.

    Release date: 2018-09-24

  • Articles and reports: 12-001-X201800154927
    Description:

    Benchmarking monthly or quarterly series to annual data is a common practice in many National Statistical Institutes. The benchmarking problem arises when time series data for the same target variable are measured at different frequencies and there is a need to remove discrepancies between the sums of the sub-annual values and their annual benchmarks. Several benchmarking methods are available in the literature. The Growth Rates Preservation (GRP) benchmarking procedure is often considered the best method. It is often claimed that this procedure is grounded on an ideal movement preservation principle. However, we show that there are important drawbacks to GRP, relevant for practical applications, that are unknown in the literature. Alternative benchmarking models will be considered that do not suffer from some of GRP’s side effects.

    Release date: 2018-06-21

  • Articles and reports: 11-633-X2018016
    Description:

    Record linkage has been identified as a potential mechanism to add treatment information to the Canadian Cancer Registry (CCR). The purpose of the Canadian Cancer Treatment Linkage Project (CCTLP) pilot is to add surgical treatment data to the CCR. The Discharge Abstract Database (DAD) and the National Ambulatory Care Reporting System (NACRS) were linked to the CCR, and surgical treatment data were extracted. The project was funded through the Cancer Data Development Initiative (CDDI) of the Canadian Partnership Against Cancer (CPAC).

    The CCTLP was developed as a feasibility study in which patient records from the CCR would be linked to surgical treatment records in the DAD and NACRS databases, maintained by the Canadian Institute for Health Information. The target cohort to whom surgical treatment data would be linked was patients aged 19 or older registered on the CCR (2010 through 2012). The linkage was completed in Statistics Canada’s Social Data Linkage Environment (SDLE).

    Release date: 2018-03-27

  • Articles and reports: 11-633-X2018015
    Description:

    This paper discusses the process for estimating the volume of cannabis consumption in Canada by age group from 1960 to 2015. Cannabis consumption is estimated using a model that first estimates the number of cannabis consumers among 15- to 17-year-olds, 18- to 24-year-olds, 25- to 44-year-olds and 45- to 64-year-olds. This is accomplished by estimating cannabis consumption prevalence based on multiple survey data sources. For each age group, consumers are divided into categories based on annual frequency of consumption: once in the past year, less than once a month, one to three times a month, weekly (excluding daily) and daily. Each category of frequency of consumption is then associated with a quantity of cannabis consumed.

    Release date: 2018-02-21

  • Articles and reports: 11-633-X2018014
    Description:

    The Canadian Mortality Database (CMDB) is an administrative database that collects information on cause of death from all provincial and territorial vital statistics registries in Canada. The CMDB lacks subpopulation identifiers to examine mortality rates and disparities among groups such as First Nations, Métis, Inuit and members of visible minority groups. Linkage between the CMDB and the Census of Population is an approach to circumvent this limitation. This report describes a linkage between the CMDB (2006 to 2011) and the 2006 Census of Population, which was carried out using hierarchical deterministic exact matching, with a focus on methodology and validation.

    Release date: 2018-02-14

  • Articles and reports: 11-633-X2018013
    Description:

    Since 2008, a number of population censuses have been linked to administrative health data and to financial data. These linked datasets have been instrumental in examining health inequalities and have been used in environmental health research. This paper describes the creation of the 1996 Canadian Census Health and Environment Cohort (CanCHEC)—3.57 million respondents to the census long-form questionnaire who were retrospectively followed for mortality and mobility for 16.6 years from 1996 to 2012. The 1996 CanCHEC was limited to census respondents who were aged 19 or older on Census Day (May 14, 1996), were residents of Canada, were not residents of institutions, and had filed an income tax return. These respondents were linked to death records from the Canadian Mortality Database or to the T1 Personal Master File, and to a postal code history from a variety of sources. This is the third in a set of CanCHECs that, when combined, make it possible to examine mortality trends and environmental exposures by socioeconomic characteristics over three census cycles and 21 years of census, tax, and mortality data. This report describes linkage methodologies, validation and bias assessment, and the characteristics of the 1996 CanCHEC. Representativeness of the 1996 CanCHEC relative to the adult population of Canada is also assessed.

    Release date: 2018-01-22
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Analysis (7)

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  • Articles and reports: 11-633-X2018018
    Description:

    This paper describes the data sources and methods used to backcast provincial and territorial income-based gross domestic product (GDP), expenditure-based GDP, real gross domestic income, unemployment rates, depreciation rates and urbanization rates. Nevertheless, estimates can be produced that are very close and which are useful for understanding the evolution of the provincial and territorial economies. Instrumental variable techniques are used to estimate the historical movements of these economic variables back to 1950.

    Release date: 2018-11-02

  • Articles and reports: 11-633-X2018017
    Description:

    Understanding women’s business ownership and the performance of women-owned enterprises is important for designing policies to promote gender equality in leadership, economic empowerment of women and inclusive growth. However, evidence on business ownership by gender remains scarce because of the lack of comprehensive data. The study, Women-owned Enterprises in Canada (Grekou, Li and Liu, 2018), fills the data gap by identifying business ownership by gender using a newly developed administrative dataset—the Canadian Employer–Employee Dynamics Database (CEEDD). The dataset contains business owner information for all unincorporated enterprises and private corporations in Canada. This paper discusses the methodology adopted to establish the gender structure of business ownership. It then presents estimates of business ownership by gender (men or women majority ownership and equal ownership). Finally, it analyzes the sensitivity of these estimates and compares them with those calculated using other data sources.

    Release date: 2018-09-24

  • Articles and reports: 12-001-X201800154927
    Description:

    Benchmarking monthly or quarterly series to annual data is a common practice in many National Statistical Institutes. The benchmarking problem arises when time series data for the same target variable are measured at different frequencies and there is a need to remove discrepancies between the sums of the sub-annual values and their annual benchmarks. Several benchmarking methods are available in the literature. The Growth Rates Preservation (GRP) benchmarking procedure is often considered the best method. It is often claimed that this procedure is grounded on an ideal movement preservation principle. However, we show that there are important drawbacks to GRP, relevant for practical applications, that are unknown in the literature. Alternative benchmarking models will be considered that do not suffer from some of GRP’s side effects.

    Release date: 2018-06-21

  • Articles and reports: 11-633-X2018016
    Description:

    Record linkage has been identified as a potential mechanism to add treatment information to the Canadian Cancer Registry (CCR). The purpose of the Canadian Cancer Treatment Linkage Project (CCTLP) pilot is to add surgical treatment data to the CCR. The Discharge Abstract Database (DAD) and the National Ambulatory Care Reporting System (NACRS) were linked to the CCR, and surgical treatment data were extracted. The project was funded through the Cancer Data Development Initiative (CDDI) of the Canadian Partnership Against Cancer (CPAC).

    The CCTLP was developed as a feasibility study in which patient records from the CCR would be linked to surgical treatment records in the DAD and NACRS databases, maintained by the Canadian Institute for Health Information. The target cohort to whom surgical treatment data would be linked was patients aged 19 or older registered on the CCR (2010 through 2012). The linkage was completed in Statistics Canada’s Social Data Linkage Environment (SDLE).

    Release date: 2018-03-27

  • Articles and reports: 11-633-X2018015
    Description:

    This paper discusses the process for estimating the volume of cannabis consumption in Canada by age group from 1960 to 2015. Cannabis consumption is estimated using a model that first estimates the number of cannabis consumers among 15- to 17-year-olds, 18- to 24-year-olds, 25- to 44-year-olds and 45- to 64-year-olds. This is accomplished by estimating cannabis consumption prevalence based on multiple survey data sources. For each age group, consumers are divided into categories based on annual frequency of consumption: once in the past year, less than once a month, one to three times a month, weekly (excluding daily) and daily. Each category of frequency of consumption is then associated with a quantity of cannabis consumed.

    Release date: 2018-02-21

  • Articles and reports: 11-633-X2018014
    Description:

    The Canadian Mortality Database (CMDB) is an administrative database that collects information on cause of death from all provincial and territorial vital statistics registries in Canada. The CMDB lacks subpopulation identifiers to examine mortality rates and disparities among groups such as First Nations, Métis, Inuit and members of visible minority groups. Linkage between the CMDB and the Census of Population is an approach to circumvent this limitation. This report describes a linkage between the CMDB (2006 to 2011) and the 2006 Census of Population, which was carried out using hierarchical deterministic exact matching, with a focus on methodology and validation.

    Release date: 2018-02-14

  • Articles and reports: 11-633-X2018013
    Description:

    Since 2008, a number of population censuses have been linked to administrative health data and to financial data. These linked datasets have been instrumental in examining health inequalities and have been used in environmental health research. This paper describes the creation of the 1996 Canadian Census Health and Environment Cohort (CanCHEC)—3.57 million respondents to the census long-form questionnaire who were retrospectively followed for mortality and mobility for 16.6 years from 1996 to 2012. The 1996 CanCHEC was limited to census respondents who were aged 19 or older on Census Day (May 14, 1996), were residents of Canada, were not residents of institutions, and had filed an income tax return. These respondents were linked to death records from the Canadian Mortality Database or to the T1 Personal Master File, and to a postal code history from a variety of sources. This is the third in a set of CanCHECs that, when combined, make it possible to examine mortality trends and environmental exposures by socioeconomic characteristics over three census cycles and 21 years of census, tax, and mortality data. This report describes linkage methodologies, validation and bias assessment, and the characteristics of the 1996 CanCHEC. Representativeness of the 1996 CanCHEC relative to the adult population of Canada is also assessed.

    Release date: 2018-01-22
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