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Average literacy score at age 18 or 19 by socio-demographic characteristics and behaviour at age 8 or 9 
  Average literacy score
Child gender  
Male 28.1
Female 28.0
Language first learned and still understood  
English 28.2
French 27.3
Parents' highest level of education  
Less than high school 23.71
High school graduate 28.1
Some post secondary 27.4
College or university 28.9
Level of household income  
Below low income cut-off (LICO)2 25.71
Equal to less than two times LICO 28.4
Two to less than three times LICO 28.6
Three times LICO or above 29.0
Score on hyperactivity/inattention scale  
Top 10% 26.21
Bottom 90% 28.3
1.For this characteristic, this estimate is significantly lower (p is less than or equal to 0.01) than the other estimates.
2.The LICO is a statistical measure of the income thresholds below which Canadians likely devote a larger share of income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing.


Average literacy score at age 18 or 19 by school-related factors, parental literacy practices, and changes in early reading
  Average literacy score
How well child was doing in reading at age 8 or 9  
Poorly to very poorly 22.91
Average 26.6
Well 27.5
Very well 29.5
Child repeated a grade by the age of 10 or 11  
Yes 21.41
No 28.4
Child received special help in school at age 10 or 11  
Yes 21.71
No 28.6
Child's feelings about school at age 12 or 13  
Do not like it very much/hate it 24.91
Like it a bit/very much 28.4
Child skipped a day since start of school year at age 12 or 13  
Yes 23.31
No 28.2
Parents read books (asked when child was 12 or 13)  
Yes 28.4
No 22.91
Change in early reading between the ages 8 or 9 and 12 or 13  
Early reading remained average or below 25.11
Early reading became average or below 26.42
Early reading became above average 27.9
Early reading remained above average 29.7
1.For this characteristic, this estimate is significantly lower (p is less than or equal to 0.01) than the other estimates, unless otherwise specified.
2.This average score is not statistically higher than the average score of children whose early reading remained average or below.


Average literacy score at age 18 or 19 by educational expectations and employment status
  Average literacy score
Educational expectations among 18 or 19 year old high school graduates not yet in post secondary  
High school or less 25.31
Technical, trade or vocational school 26.9
Community college, CEGEP or apprenticeship program 25.91
At least one university degree 29.8
Employment status among 18 or 19 year old youth still in high school  
Currently employed 26.3
Not currently employed 23.02
1.This average score is significantly lower (p less than or equal to 0.001) than the average score of those who expected to get at least one university degree.
2.This average score is significantly lower (p less than or equal to 0.05) than the average score of those who were currently employed.
Date Modified: 2009-08-21

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