Table 4
Urban employment growth, 1980 to 2000
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| Growth in total employment—1980 to 2000 | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | (5) | (6) | |||||||
| All degree holders share | 0.177 | (0.005) | 0.162 | (0.011) | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … |
| Science and engineering (S&E) degree share | … | … | … | … | -0.034 | (0.422) | 2.416 | (0.088) | 2.214 | (0.090) | 2.555 | (0.053) |
| Culture degree share | … | … | … | … | 0.078 | (0.099) | 1.793 | (0.091) | 1.100 | (0.272) | 1.304 | (0.218) |
| Other degree holder share | … | … | … | … | 0.079 | (0.398) | 5.822 | (0.041) | 4.597 | (0.082) | 5.762 | (0.038) |
| Other degree holder share x S&E degree share | … | … | … | … | … | … | 1.330 | (0.060) | 1.179 | (0.075) | 1.463 | (0.031) |
| Other degree holder share x culture degree share | … | … | … | … | … | … | 0.951 | (0.071) | 0.554 | (0.274) | 0.778 | (0.147) |
| S&E degree share x culture degree share | … | … | … | … | … | … | 0.405 | (0.135) | 0.306 | (0.228) | 0.377 | (0.147) |
| Other degree holder share x S&E degree share x culture degree share | … | … | … | … | … | … | 0.220 | (0.089) | 0.159 | (0.194) | 0.214 | (0.090) |
| Amenities index | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | 0.308 | (0.000) |
| Heating degree days (30 year average) | … | … | -0.100 | (0.008) | -0.098 | (0.010) | -0.103 | (0.006) | -0.111 | (0.002) | … | … |
| Cooling degree days (30 year average) | … | … | -0.023 | (0.250) | -0.022 | (0.293) | -0.027 | (0.201) | -0.010 | (0.666) | … | … |
| Population | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | -0.049 | (0.031) | -0.035 | (0.112) |
| Industrial diversity index | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | 0.161 | (0.126) | 0.110 | (0.296) |
| Canada (binary variable) | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | 0.136 | (0.023) | 0.048 | (0.405) |
| Capital city (binary variable) | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | … | 0.001 | (0.981) | 0.012 | (0.786) |
| Intercept | 0.664 | (0.000) | 0.822 | (0.000) | 0.943 | (0.000) | 11.316 | (0.036) | 9.243 | (0.060) | 10.038 | (0.051) |
| F statistic | 7.9 | 5.3 | 3.5 | 2.8 | 2.9 | 3.1 | ||||||
| Probability > F | 0.005 | 0.001 | 0.004 | 0.003 | 0.001 | 0.001 | ||||||
| R2 | 0.034 | 0.097 | 0.107 | 0.126 | 0.167 | 0.159 | ||||||
| Number of observations | 242 | 242 | 242 | 242 | 242 | 242 | ||||||
… not applicable Notes: All explanatory variables are measured in 1980, unless otherwise specified. Heteroskedasticity corrected p-values are in parentheses.
Sources: Canadian Census 1981 and 2001; United States Census 1980 and 2000. Data on climate were obtained from Environment Canada (www.on.ec.gc.ca) and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) (www.noaa.gov).
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