Table 5
Estimated gaps1 in log annual earnings relative to workers with few or no co-ethnic co-workers, by sex and immigrant status

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  Men Women
Model 1: basic demo­graphics Model 2: Model 1+ language, education Model 3: Model 2 + job attributes Model 1: basic demo­graphics Model 2: Model 1+ language, education Model 3: Model 2 + job attributes
Immigrants
Most co-workers have the same ethnic ancestry -0.331 *** -0.176 ** -0.111 -0.072 0.050 0.042
(0.064) (0.063) (0.064) (0.089) (0.091) (0.091)
About half co-workers have the same ethnic ancestry -0.050 0.050 0.076 -0.120 -0.099 -0.121
(0.078) (0.076) (0.076) (0.109) (0.108) (0.105)
Ethnic ancestry not important -0.033 0.002 0.003 0.057 0.030 0.020
(0.042) (0.043) (0.043) (0.060) (0.064) (0.062)
Canadian born of immigrant parents
Most co-workers have the same ethnic ancestry -0.077 -0.100 -0.109 -0.173 -0.156 -0.114
(0.110) (0.106) (0.105) (0.115) (0.114) (0.110)
About half co-workers have the same ethnic ancestry 0.010 0.114 0.071 0.066 0.089 0.025
(0.088) (0.086) (0.086) (0.119) (0.117) (0.111)
Ethnic ancestry not important 0.013 -0.009 -0.004 0.131 * 0.184 ** 0.175 **
(0.046) (0.047) (0.047) (0.055) (0.058) (0.055)

 

* significant at p<0.05

** significant at p<0.01

*** significant at p<0.001

1 See Table A.2 for full model specification.

Notes: Numbers in parentheses are standard errors. The reference group is few or no co-workers have the same ethnic ancestry.

Source: Statistics Canada, Ethnic Diversity Survey.