Table 4
Regression models predicting life satisfaction with immediate-neighbourhood income and control variables, with cluster-robust standard error estimates
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| Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | Model 4 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| coefficients | ||||
| Log immediate-neighbourhood income | 0.48*** | 0.13*** | 0.11*** | 0.04 |
| Age | … | -0.07*** | -0.07*** | -0.05*** |
| Age squared divided by 100 | … | 0.07*** | 0.07*** | 0.06*** |
| Women | … | 0.09*** | 0.08*** | 0.08*** |
| Marital status | ||||
| Living common-law | … | -0.18*** | -0.18*** | -0.15*** |
| Widowed | … | -0.56*** | -0.56*** | -0.51*** |
| Divorced or separated | … | -0.67*** | -0.65*** | -0.59*** |
| Single | … | -0.52*** | -0.51*** | -0.44*** |
| Education | ||||
| Some postsecondary | … | -0.06*** | -0.06*** | 0.02 |
| High school graduate | … | -0.04 | -0.04 | 0.05* |
| Less than high school | … | -0.14*** | -0.13*** | 0.06** |
| Level not reported | … | 0.02 | 0.04 | 0.04 |
| Immigrants | … | -0.03 | 0.00 | 0.01 |
| Number of children in family | … | 0.03** | 0.04** | 0.01 |
| Household income | ||||
| Lowest: less than $30,000 | … | -0.50*** | -0.52*** | -0.38*** |
| Lower middle: $30,000 to $59,999 | … | -0.22*** | -0.23*** | -0.18*** |
| Middle: $60,000 to $99,999 | … | -0.08*** | -0.10*** | -0.08*** |
| Highest: more than $150,000 | … | 0.15*** | 0.15*** | 0.09*** |
| Not reported | … | -0.11*** | -0.12** | -0.08** |
| Household size | … | -0.17*** | -0.17*** | -0.09*** |
| Population group | ||||
| Visible minority | … | -0.06* | -0.03 | -0.01 |
| Aboriginal | … | -0.07 | -0.04 | 0.07 |
| Employment status | ||||
| Unemployed | … | -0.45*** | -0.44*** | -0.37*** |
| Not in labour force | … | -0.12*** | -0.12*** | 0.00 |
| Homeowner | … | 0.21*** | 0.21*** | 0.14*** |
| Home language | ||||
| French | … | 0.29*** | 0.17*** | 0.11** |
| Bilingual | … | 0.13* | 0.07 | 0.03 |
| Other: non English/French | … | -0.15*** | -0.15*** | -0.14*** |
| General Social Survey 2008 | … | -0.16*** | -0.17*** | -0.13*** |
| General Social Survey 2009 | … | 0.22*** | 0.22*** | 0.14*** |
| General Social Survey 2010 | … | -0.49*** | -0.49*** | -0.41*** |
| Canadian Community Health Survey 2009 | … | -0.04 | -0.04 | -0.09*** |
| Canadian Community Health Survey 2010 | … | -0.03 | -0.04 | -0.09*** |
| Canadian Community Health Survey 2011 | … | -0.03 | -0.04 | -0.08*** |
| Immediate neighbourhood | ||||
| Percentage of seniors | … | … | 0.07 | 0.06 |
| Percentage of movers | … | … | -0.06 | -0.04 |
| Percentage of old dwellings | … | … | -0.04 | -0.04 |
| Percentage of recent immigrants | … | … | -0.21 | -0.12 |
| Percentage of visible minorities | … | … | 0.17 | 0.10 |
| Log population density | … | … | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Self-reported health | … | … | … | 0.60*** |
| Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | Model 4 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Local community fixed effects | No | No | Yes | Yes |
| Model R-squared | 0.009 | 0.078 | 0.147 | 0.258 |
significantly different from reference category (p<0.001)
significantly different from reference category (p<0.01)
significantly different from reference category (p<0.05)
Note(s):
The sample includes 142,768 respondents nested in 31,017 immediate neighbourhoods (dissemination areas).
Source(s):
Statistics Canada, 2008-to-2011 General Social Survey, 2009-to-2011 Canadian Community Health Survey, and 2006 Census of Population.
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